{"id":2496,"date":"2025-07-30T09:00:12","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T09:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/?p=2496"},"modified":"2025-07-29T19:11:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T19:11:58","slug":"management-microbes-how-fire-and-grazing-shape-soil-life-below-the-surface","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/management-microbes-how-fire-and-grazing-shape-soil-life-below-the-surface\/","title":{"rendered":"Management &#038; Microbes: How Fire and Grazing Shape Soil Life Below the Surface"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2497 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"469\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/BacteriaFungal-Disturbance-Response-Final-1-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 469px) 100vw, 469px\" \/><\/a>When we think about the effects of fire and grazing, we often focus on what\u2019s visible\u2014charred grasses, shifting plant communities, and changes in wildlife behavior. But just beneath our feet, a powerful shift is also happening. Fire and herbivory don\u2019t just impact the surface\u2014they reshape entire microbial communities within the soil, influencing how rangelands recover, grow, and function long after the flames cool off or the herd moves on.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Bacteria: Small But Resilient<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soil bacteria are surprisingly tough. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These microscopic workhorses<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are responsible for nutrient cycling, breaking down organic matter, and helping plants thrive. According to recent research, bacteria respond to fire and grazing primarily through changes in <\/span><b>edaphic properties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014characteristics of the soil like magnesium, pH, and calcium levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Grazing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reduces the availability of essential nutrients like magnesium.<\/span>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> raises soil pH levels, largely due to the breakdown of organic acids during combustion.<\/span>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These changes affect how bacterial communities are structured\u2014but interestingly, <\/span><b>bacteria are generally more resilient and resistant to these types of disturbances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> compared to fungi.<\/span>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Fungi: More Sensitive to Change<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fungi play equally critical roles in soil health, from aiding in plant nutrient uptake to decomposing complex organic material. However, fungal communities are far more sensitive to environmental disturbances. Their composition shifts in response to <\/span><b>vegetation variables<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Herbaceous biomass<\/b>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Woody plant cover<\/b>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Soil phosphorus levels<\/b>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike bacteria, fungi have <\/span><b>lower thermal tolerance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and are <\/span><b>more concentrated in superficial soil layers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making them more sensitive to changes from fire and grazing. Additionally, the loss of plant hosts due to fire can further destabilize fungal networks, affecting long-term ecosystem recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The Big Picture: Diversity &amp; Disturbance<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While both bacteria and fungi are influenced by rangeland management practices, <\/span><b>fire and grazing tend to increase overall microbial diversity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. However, how each ecosystem responds is <\/span><b>highly site-specific<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014what works in one system may not apply in another and definitely management history dictates future success. This underscores the need for site-based management strategies that consider both above- and below-ground impacts based on previous management stressors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bottom Line<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding how microbes respond to management practices isn\u2019t just academic\u2014it\u2019s essential for building resilient landscapes that tolerate floods, fires, and time. Whether you&#8217;re a rancher, rangeland manager, or conservationist, integrating microbial insights into your strategies can help you make more informed, sustainable decisions that build profitability below and aboveground.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For more in depth information be sure to read the full study\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/files\/2025\/07\/1-s2.0-S0048969721022609-main.pdf\">Fire and herbivory drive fungal and bacterial communities through distinct above- and belowground mechanisms<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When we think about the effects of fire and grazing, we often focus on what\u2019s visible\u2014charred grasses, shifting plant communities, and changes in wildlife behavior. But just beneath our feet, a powerful shift is also happening. Fire and herbivory don\u2019t just impact the surface\u2014they reshape entire microbial communities within the soil, influencing how rangelands recover,&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/management-microbes-how-fire-and-grazing-shape-soil-life-below-the-surface\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2037,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-soil","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Management &amp; Microbes: How Fire and Grazing Shape Soil Life Below the Surface - West Texas Rangelands<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/westtexasrangelands\/management-microbes-how-fire-and-grazing-shape-soil-life-below-the-surface\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Management &amp; Microbes: How Fire and Grazing Shape Soil Life Below the Surface - West Texas Rangelands\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When we think about the effects of fire and grazing, we often focus on what\u2019s visible\u2014charred grasses, shifting plant communities, and changes in wildlife behavior. But just beneath our feet, a powerful shift is also happening. Fire and herbivory don\u2019t just impact the surface\u2014they reshape entire microbial communities within the soil, influencing how rangelands recover,... 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