{"id":1984,"date":"2020-08-14T16:08:24","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T16:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/?p=1984"},"modified":"2020-08-14T16:08:24","modified_gmt":"2020-08-14T16:08:24","slug":"when-it-comes-to-cover-crops-in-texas-timing-is-key","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2020\/08\/14\/when-it-comes-to-cover-crops-in-texas-timing-is-key\/","title":{"rendered":"When it comes to cover crops in Texas:\u00a0 Timing is key."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jake Mowrer, PhD<\/p>\n<p>Cover cropping has many benefits in dryland farming in eastern and central Texas.\u00a0 Weed suppression, crop diversity, soil organic matter buildup, and more.\u00a0 Many Texas farmers have an interest in getting into or improving their cover crop inclusive systems.\u00a0 But cover cropping is not a simple thing.\u00a0 It takes some time and patience to get it right here.\u00a0 AgriLife Extension recommends that farmers start experimenting on a small portion of the farm, and expand to more acreage as specific practices show success.<\/p>\n<p>This article covers one critical aspect of cover cropping.\u00a0 Timing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Now is the time to be planning for fall cover crop planting<\/strong>.\u00a0 Many farmers have harvested their corn.\u00a0 Others are close.\u00a0 And the sorghum season is winding down as well.\u00a0\u00a0 AgriLife Extension recommends planting most cover crops in early October.\u00a0 The planting window extends to mid-November, but expect lower productivity by spring termination for each week you push the timing back.<\/p>\n<p>This means that August is the time to be sourcing and purchasing seed and ensuring that all other pieces are in place.\u00a0 You want the seed in hand, and you don\u2019t want any surprises (other than weather) to cause delays in planting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Delays in fall planting are the most important factor leading to cover crop underperformance. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>When planning for cover crop species, there are several factors you need to consider carefully. Timing of your spring cash crop establishment is one of the most important.\u00a0 If you are planting corn, which has the earliest planting time, you need to choose something that matures quickly in late winter\/ early spring.\u00a0 AgriLife has seen the best early maturing success with legumes such as winter pea and hairy vetch.\u00a0 Avoid legumes such as common vetch, crimson clover, or berseem clover when corn is to be planted.\u00a0 Other rapidly developing cover crop choices include cereal rye (Maton or Elbon), oats (Heavy Grazer), and mustard (White Gold matures earlier than Kodiak).<\/p>\n<p>For later planted crops such as sorghum or cotton, crimson clover and Kodiak mustard will catch up with the biomass production of the other varieties mentioned.\u00a0 Cereal rye, oats, hairy vetch, and winter peas will continue to put on biomass as the days grow warmer.\u00a0 Common vetch and berseem clover have not been high performing cover crops in eastern and central Texas, regardless of timing.<\/p>\n<p>The timing of cover crop termination in Texas is key success, also.\u00a0 This is especially true in minimal till systems. Research at Texas A&amp;M AgriLife farms shows that there is a fine line between termination planting windows where the soil remains wet and cover may be too thick to plant through (1-2 weeks), and leaving too much time so that the residue breaks down so much that weeds begin to be a problem (4-5 weeks). Rolling and crimping termination is an excellent way to provide weed suppression and conserve soil moisture in spring.\u00a0 Strip tilling or drilling cash crop seed directly into residue when decomposition has progressed to \u2018flatten the mat\u2019 are good ways to manage establishment.<\/p>\n<p>When rolling and crimping, understand that green stems will likely continue to grow and rise again unless an herbicide kill is applied behind the operation.\u00a0 Drier brown stems on your cover crop will snap under the crimper more completely, preventing regrowth.\u00a0 Cover crops can also be terminated by mowing or straight herbicide application.\u00a0 Mowing leaves residue vulnerable to transport off site by wind and rain.\u00a0 Herbicide is a complete way to kill a cover crop, but does often leave the plants standing for some time, providing less weed control than a mat would. When plowing in residue to incorporate, transport losses are minimized, breakdown is more rapid, and weed suppression is lost.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to consider ahead of time your complete plan of action for cover cropping.\u00a0 But right now is the time to be sourcing and purchasing seed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1986 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f1.jpg 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Image 1.\u00a0 White gold mustard (foreground) freshly rolled and crimped.\u00a0 Kodiak mustard in the background.\u00a0 Approximate height of each crop = 5 &#8211; 6 feet.\u00a0 Picture taken March 27<sup>th<\/sup> near College Station, TX.\u00a0 White gold could have potentially been terminated two weeks earlier with similar biomass, but Kodiak was just reaching its full potential in late March.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1987\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f2.jpg 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Berseem clover (extreme right foreground) and Crimson clover (middle right), cereal rye (right, and winter pea (far right middle) relative biomass first week of February near College Station, TX.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1988\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f3-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f3.jpg 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Image 3.\u00a0 Common Vetch (near middle) plots provided little biomass even by the first week of April.\u00a0 This allowed for weed emergence.\u00a0 In comparison, cereal rye (right and left) provided good biomass and weed control by this time.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1989\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f4-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f4-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f4-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f4-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f4.jpg 1293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Image 4.\u00a0 Winter pea (middle) by the first week of April has good biomass and weed control.\u00a0 However, cereal rye (right and left) continue to outstrip all legumes in terms of biomass and weed control in this study.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1990\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f5-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f5-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f5-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f5-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f5.jpg 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Image 5.\u00a0 Winter pea in bloom.\u00a0 April 9, 2020<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1991\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f6-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f6-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f6-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f6-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2020\/08\/f6.jpg 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Image 6.\u00a0 Crimson Clover in bloom. April 9, 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jake Mowrer, PhD Cover cropping has many benefits in dryland farming in eastern and central Texas.\u00a0 Weed suppression, crop diversity, soil organic matter buildup, and more.\u00a0 Many Texas farmers have an interest in getting into or improving their cover crop inclusive systems.\u00a0 But cover cropping is not a simple thing.\u00a0 It takes some time and patience to get it right here.\u00a0 AgriLife Extension recommends that farmers start experimenting on a small portion of the farm, and expand to more acreage as specific practices show success. This article covers&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2020\/08\/14\/when-it-comes-to-cover-crops-in-texas-timing-is-key\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1756,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,65,144,145,1],"tags":[146],"class_list":["post-1984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-115","category-agriculture","category-august-2020","category-cover-crops","category-uncategorized","tag-cover-crops-timing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>When it comes to cover crops in Texas:\u00a0 Timing is key. - Texas Row Crops Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2020\/08\/14\/when-it-comes-to-cover-crops-in-texas-timing-is-key\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When it comes to cover crops in Texas:\u00a0 Timing is key. - Texas Row Crops Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jake Mowrer, PhD Cover cropping has many benefits in dryland farming in eastern and central Texas.\u00a0 Weed suppression, crop diversity, soil organic matter buildup, and more.\u00a0 Many Texas farmers have an interest in getting into or improving their cover crop inclusive systems.\u00a0 But cover cropping is not a simple thing.\u00a0 It takes some time and patience to get it right here.\u00a0 AgriLife Extension recommends that farmers start experimenting on a small portion of the farm, and expand to more acreage as specific practices show success. 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