{"id":1681,"date":"2019-05-08T20:57:07","date_gmt":"2019-05-08T20:57:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/?p=1681"},"modified":"2019-05-09T14:04:08","modified_gmt":"2019-05-09T14:04:08","slug":"early-season-weed-control-operations-for-peanut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2019\/05\/08\/early-season-weed-control-operations-for-peanut\/","title":{"rendered":"Early Season Weed Control Options for Peanut"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Emi Kimura, State Extension Peanut Specialist, Vernon, TX<\/p>\n<p>Josh McGinty, Extension Agronomist at Corpus Christi, TX<\/p>\n<p>James Grichar, Senior Research Scientist at Yoakum, TX<\/p>\n<p>Pete Dotray, Weed Scientist at Lubbock, TX<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Best Management Practices (BMPs) for peanut production include effective season-long weed management. \u00a0Below are four weed management principles in peanut production.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Start clean<\/li>\n<li>Use residual herbicides<\/li>\n<li>Timely postemergence applications<\/li>\n<li>Know your weeds<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2019\/04\/03\/importance-of-preplant-incorporated-and-preemergence-herbicides-in-peanut-production\/\">In the April article,<\/a> we discussed the importance of preplant burndown (PP), preplant incorporated (PPI), and preemergence (PRE) herbicide applications for reducing early-season weed competition and maximize yield and profitability of peanut production.\u00a0 In May, peanut acres are slowly getting planted across the state.\u00a0 Growers will soon start seeing some weeds escaping from residual herbicides applied prior to or at planting.\u00a0 Early season weed control is essential for reducing competition for water, nutrients, and light between the peanut plant and weeds.\u00a0 In addition, the soil seed bank will drastically be reduced by controlling weeds before they make seed with timely applications of postemergence (POST) herbicides. It is time to plan for EPOST (10-20 days after planting or DAP) and POST (30-45 DAP) herbicide applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Table 1. Timing of herbicide application in peanut<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"101\"><strong>PP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"110\"><strong>PPI<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"127\"><strong>PRE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"129\"><strong>EPOST<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>10-20 DAP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"146\"><strong>POST<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>30-45 DAP<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>*DAP: Days after planting<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>When applying EPOST and POST herbicides, the following factors must be considered.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Always apply EPOST and POST herbicides when soil moisture conditions are good!<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Weeds must be actively growing to absorb and translocate the herbicide for maximum efficacy.\u00a0 When herbicides are applied to weeds growing under stressed conditions (drought, high temperatures, disease or insect damage), reduced efficacy is often observed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Coverage is a key for improved weed control!<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Always use enough spray volume to achieve good coverage for improved weed control.\u00a0 Often, weed control failures after the application of POST herbicides are due to low spray volumes and insufficient spray coverage.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Always use appropriate adjuvants!<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Adjuvants such as non-ionic surfactants (NIS) and crop oil concentrates (COC) reduce the surface tension of the spray solution and help dissolve or soften cuticular waxes on the leaf, improving uptake of the herbicide. Additionally, many product labels recommend the addition of ammonium sulfate or urea ammonium nitrate to improve efficacy.\u00a0 Always check the product label to see what adjuvants to include. Please refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2019\/04\/03\/why-are-adjuvants-important-and-what-is-the-difference-between-adjuvants\/\">April article<\/a> written by Dr. Bell and others for more detail on adjuvants.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Herbicide options for EPOST and POST applications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are several herbicides labeled for EPOST and POST use in peanut. \u00a0<strong>Imazapic<\/strong> (e.g., Cadre and other generics) and <strong>imazethapyr<\/strong> (e.g., Pursuit and other generics) can control many broadleaf (2- to 4-inches depending on weed species) and grass weeds (smaller than 1.5 inches), and nutsedge (yellow and purple); however, please pay attention to the long crop rotation restriction to cotton and sorghum (18 months) and wheat (4 months).\u00a0 In addition, there are increasing weed populations that are resistant or tolerant to <strong>imazapic<\/strong> and <strong>imazethapyr<\/strong> across the peanut belt.\u00a0 The use of herbicides with different modes of action is key to delay\/prevent the development of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bentazon<\/strong> (e.g., Basagran and other generics), <strong>acifluorfen<\/strong> (e.g., UltraBlazer and other generics), <strong>bentazon + acifluorgen<\/strong> (e.g., Storm), and <strong>lactofen<\/strong> (e.g., Cobra and other generics) are options for EPOST and POST herbicide applications. \u00a0Bentazon has activity on common purslane, cocklebur, sunflowers, and yellow nutsedge.\u00a0 <strong>Acifluorfen<\/strong> and <strong>lactofen<\/strong> are effective at controlling Palmer amaranth, annual morningglory, smellmelon, carpetweed and other broadleaf weeds.\u00a0 Activity from these herbicides will quickly decrease as weed size increases beyond 4 inches.\u00a0 Waterhemp and Palmer amaranth can reach this height as quickly as 8-10 days after emergence (photo 1).\u00a0 Frequent scouting is very important to make prompt decisions on EPOST and POST applications.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1683\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-1-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1684\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/peanut-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Photo 1.\u00a0 Growth of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth 8 days after emergence (Photo credit: University of Illinois).<\/p>\n<p>Storm includes two active ingredients (<strong>bentazon + acifluorfen<\/strong>) for controlling a wide range of small and actively growing annual broadleaf weeds.\u00a0 For grass weed control, use <strong>clethodim<\/strong> (e.g, Select and other generics), <strong>sethoxydim<\/strong> (e.g., Poast and other generics), and fluazifop-P-butyl (e.g., Fusilade).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>S<\/em><\/strong><strong>-metolachlor<\/strong> (e.g., Dual Magnum and other generics) and <strong>dimethenamid<\/strong> (e.g., Outlook and other generics) are PRE herbicides that may also be used EPOST to provide extended residual weed control. These herbicides will only control weeds that germinate after application and will not have activity on emerged weeds.\u00a0 Please read the labels for incorporation methods.\u00a0 If <em>S<\/em>-metolachlor and dimethenamid are tank mixed with other POST herbicide such as bentazon, irrigation must be delayed 4-6 hours to allow uptake of the POST herbicide.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pyroxasulfone<\/strong> (Zidua SC and Zidua WG) is labeled for use in peanut from ground-crack to pegging.\u00a0 Pyroxasulfone is effective on a number of annual grass and broadleaf weeds but does not control emerged weeds.<\/p>\n<p>Texas Peanut Variety website at <a href=\"https:\/\/varietytesting.tamu.edu\/peanuts\/\">https:\/\/varietytesting.tamu.edu\/peanuts\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/Kimura_photo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1682\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/Kimura_photo-278x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/Kimura_photo-278x300.jpg 278w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/Kimura_photo-768x828.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/Kimura_photo-950x1024.jpg 950w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2019\/05\/Kimura_photo.jpg 1108w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emi Kimura, State Extension Peanut Specialist, Vernon, TX Josh McGinty, Extension Agronomist at Corpus Christi, TX James Grichar, Senior Research Scientist at Yoakum, TX Pete Dotray, Weed Scientist at Lubbock, TX &nbsp; Best Management Practices (BMPs) for peanut production include effective season-long weed management. \u00a0Below are four weed management principles in peanut production. Start clean Use residual herbicides Timely postemergence applications Know your weeds In the April article, we discussed the importance of preplant burndown (PP), preplant incorporated (PPI), and preemergence (PRE) herbicide applications for reducing early-season weed&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2019\/05\/08\/early-season-weed-control-operations-for-peanut\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1756,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-april-2019"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Early Season Weed Control Options for Peanut - Texas Row Crops Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2019\/05\/08\/early-season-weed-control-operations-for-peanut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Early Season Weed Control Options for Peanut - Texas Row Crops Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emi Kimura, State Extension Peanut Specialist, Vernon, TX Josh McGinty, Extension Agronomist at Corpus Christi, TX James Grichar, Senior Research Scientist at Yoakum, TX Pete Dotray, Weed Scientist at Lubbock, TX &nbsp; Best Management Practices (BMPs) for peanut production include effective season-long weed management. \u00a0Below are four weed management principles in peanut production. 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Start clean Use residual herbicides Timely postemergence applications Know your weeds In the April article, we discussed the importance of preplant burndown (PP), preplant incorporated (PPI), and preemergence (PRE) herbicide applications for reducing early-season weed... 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