{"id":1624,"date":"2019-03-27T19:38:59","date_gmt":"2019-03-27T19:38:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/?p=1624"},"modified":"2019-03-27T19:56:49","modified_gmt":"2019-03-27T19:56:49","slug":"scouting-for-bird-cherry-oat-aphids-on-wheat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2019\/03\/27\/scouting-for-bird-cherry-oat-aphids-on-wheat\/","title":{"rendered":"Scouting for Bird Cherry Oat Aphids on Wheat"},"content":{"rendered":"

By John Few, Tyler Mays, and David Drake – Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Agents \u2013 IPM Thrall, Hillsboro, and Commerce TX<\/p>\n

Rhopalosiphum padi<\/em> commonly known as Bird cherry oat aphid (BCOA) is an insect pest of cereals and grasses that is readily appearing now in oat and wheat fields in Texas. This insect is usually described as being pear-shaped, yellow-green, dark green, or black in color with red coloration at the base of its abdomen near the cornicles (Image 1). While feeding from this pest usually does not cause economic damage, it is an efficient vector for barley yellow dwarf virus, a disease known to cause economic loss in wheat. Large populations of BCOA can also reduce the plant\u2019s ability to photosynthesize by creating an environment for sooty mold via the sticky honeydew they produce while feeding. There are a few practices that can be done to control BCOA.<\/p>\n

\"Bird<\/a>

Image 1. Bird Cherry Oat Aphids on wheat<\/p><\/div>\n

One method suggested by Oklahoma State University and Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service is to scout for parasitized or \u201cmummy\u201d aphids. See Image 2. These aphids are usually tan in color. These aphids are being killed by parasitic wasp that can help prevent or reduce the amount of insecticide that you have to spray. To determine if parasitic wasp are adequately controlling populations in your field collect 25 tillers and count the number of mummy aphids. If you see mummies on 7 of the 25 plants then do not spray as the other aphids are most likely parasitized as well. If this is not the case the additional scouting is needed.<\/p>\n

\"Parasitized<\/a>

Image 2. Parasitized “mummy” aphids on a wheat leaf. Image Courtesy of David Drake.<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

To determine an economic threshold in your field, start by counting the number of aphids on 25 tillers. Once that number is obtained follow the flow chart below to determine if you need to make an insecticide application.<\/p>\n

Step 1. Estimate yield loss:\u00a0\u00a0 Total # of aphids:________= average # aphids\/tiller\u00a0\u00a0 ________ \/25<\/p>\n

Yield loss estimate: =0.00 if aphid counts are <20 per tiller,<\/p>\n

0.05 if aphid counts are 20-39 per tiller,<\/p>\n

0.09 if aphid counts are \u2265 40 per tiller<\/p>\n

Step 2: Estimate Crop Value $________ \/acre<\/p>\n

Yield potential\/acre #________ bushels\/acre\u00a0 X\u00a0 <\/strong>value of grain per bushel $________ per bushel<\/p>\n

= Crop Value<\/strong> $________ per acre<\/p>\n

Step 3: Estimate Control Cost $________ \/acre<\/p>\n

Insecticide cost $________ \/acre + <\/strong>Application Cost $ ________ \/acre<\/p>\n

= Control Cost $ ________ \/acre<\/p>\n

Step 4: Estimate Preventable Loss<\/p>\n

Crop Value\/acre $ ________\u00a0 X\u00a0 <\/strong>Yield Loss from aphid $ ________<\/p>\n

= Preventable Loss<\/strong> $ ________<\/p>\n

IF Preventable Loss<\/strong> $________ is greater than Control Cost $________ TREAT <\/strong><\/p>\n

IF Preventable Loss<\/strong> $________ is less than Control Cost $___________ DON\u2019T TREAT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Table 1. shows a method developed by the University of Nebraska Lincoln to determine action thresholds for BCOA by plant growth stage. While these methods are not from Texas A&M and have not been fine tuned for Texas\u2019 environment, they are better than not scouting at all or having economic loss by missing an application window.<\/p>\n

The following are insecticides approved to control BCOA: Baythroid 2, Di-Syston 15% G, Dimethoate Dimate, Lorsban 4E, Nofos 4E, Methyl 4EC, Mustang Max, Penncap-M, Proaxis, Thioanex 3EC, Malathion 8, Dimethoate 4EC, and pyrethroids. Apply insecticides according to the label.<\/p>\n

Table 1.\u00a0 Action threshold for BCOA<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Average # of BCOA per stem needed to meet threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Species<\/strong><\/td>\nSeedling<\/strong><\/td>\nBoot to Heading<\/strong><\/td>\nFlowering<\/strong><\/td>\nMilky Ripe<\/strong><\/td>\nMilk to Medium Dough<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bird cherry-oat aphid<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n>5<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

References to thresholds<\/p>\n

OSU: http:\/\/entoplp.okstate.edu\/pddl\/pddl\/2005\/PDIA4-6.pdf\/<\/a><\/p>\n

UNL: https:\/\/cropwatch.unl.edu\/insect\/wheataphids<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

John Few
Stiles Farm-IPM Extension Service
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service
john.few@ag.tamu.edu<\/a>
985-817-2260<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By John Few, Tyler Mays, and David Drake – Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Agents \u2013 IPM Thrall, Hillsboro, and Commerce TX Rhopalosiphum padi commonly known as Bird cherry oat aphid (BCOA) is an insect pest of cereals and grasses that is readily appearing now in oat and wheat fields in Texas. This insect is usually described as being pear-shaped, yellow-green, dark green, or black in color with red coloration at the base of its abdomen near the cornicles (Image 1). While feeding from this pest usually does not… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1371,"featured_media":1625,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-58","category-march-2019"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nScouting for Bird Cherry Oat Aphids on Wheat - Texas Row Crops Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2019\/03\/27\/scouting-for-bird-cherry-oat-aphids-on-wheat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scouting for Bird Cherry Oat Aphids on Wheat - Texas Row Crops Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By John Few, Tyler Mays, and David Drake – Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Agents \u2013 IPM Thrall, Hillsboro, and Commerce TX Rhopalosiphum padi commonly known as Bird cherry oat aphid (BCOA) is an insect pest of cereals and grasses that is readily appearing now in oat and wheat fields in Texas. 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