{"id":1371,"date":"2018-06-04T18:49:03","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T18:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/?p=1371"},"modified":"2018-09-06T13:40:12","modified_gmt":"2018-09-06T13:40:12","slug":"corn-growth-stages-and-post-emergent-herbicide-timing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2018\/06\/04\/corn-growth-stages-and-post-emergent-herbicide-timing\/","title":{"rendered":"Corn Growth Stages and Post Emergent Herbicide Timing"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Jourdan Bell, Texas A&M AgriLife Assistant Professor and Agronomist – Amarillo<\/p>\n

Post emergent herbicide applications are necessary for season long weed control. Post emergent corn herbicide labels define the latest growth stage for which herbicide applications can be made without causing crop injury. Herbicide applications past the recommended application stages can result in significant crop injury. For some herbicides, later applications can be made according to the label, but drop nozzles are recommended to prevent herbicides being sprayed in the whorl. Some herbicide labels provide a recommended height for the last herbicide application as plant height often corresponds with a particular vegetative stage. However, in high input environments with abundant irrigation and\/or precipitation and fertility, internode distances can expand at a greater rate than new leaves. Consequently, plant height does not always correspond to the correct vegetative stage so, it is important to accurately stage the corn crop prior to making post emergent herbicide applications. In stressful production environments with limited water or cool temperatures, corn growth is slowed, which results in magnified crop injury because the plant does not metabolize the herbicide quickly enough to avoid injury. For labels that provide both plant height and growth stage, the applicator should follow the more conservative recommendation. Non-labeled spray adjuvants can enhance herbicide injury from a post emergent application. In addition to the crop stage and condition, knowledge of the weed species and weed size are also important for effective post emergent herbicide applications.\u00a0 The vegetative stage are described using the leaf collar method (Table 1). Leaves are counted from the lowermost first (rounded-tip) leaf to the uppermost leaf with a leaf collar, which is the connection between the leaf blade and the leaf sheath. The leaves in the whorl that are not fully expanded are not counted.<\/p>\n

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Figure 1. Image identifying the leaf collar. (Image from Kay Ledbetter)<\/p><\/div>\n

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Figure 2. Image reflecting first leaf with round tip. (image from Kay Ledbetter)<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Table 1. Corn vegetative growth stages noted as “V” stages important for herbicide application timing. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Emergence(VE)\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

Coleoptile leaf (1st leaf) visible.\u00a0 This leaf will be shorter than later emerging leaves and has a rounded tip. Also referred to as spike.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Growing point of the plant should be 1 to 1.75 inches below the soil surface.\u00a0 Seminal roots begin growing from the seed. Permanent (nodal) root system will begin developing at this point.\u00a0 If seed is planted too shallow the root system will have a difficult time becoming established.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2\u2010Leaf (V2)<\/strong><\/td>\nCollar of the 2nd true leaf\u00a0 is visible.\u00a0 Plant is still relying primarily on seed reserves for survival.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3\u2010Leaf (V3)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

Collar of 3rd leaf visible.\u00a0 Occurs approximately 10 to 14 days after emergence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Growing point below the soil surface. The plants total leaf number and ear shoot are developing in the stalk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Photosynthesis now very active and supporting the plant.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
May apply 2,4\u2010D or dicamba from emergence through the 5th leaf stage without drop nozzles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Begin checking roots for Western corn rootworm larvae (white).\u00a0 Watch corn that is next to wheat or grass for Banks grass mites infesting lower surface of leaves.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4\u2010Leaf (V4)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

Collar of 4th leaf visible.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Growing point below the soil surface.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Roots are elongating. The roots system is nor primarily nodal roots.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Weed competition will begin to significantly reduce yield potential.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5\u2010Leaf (V5) <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

Collar of 5th leaf visible.\u00a0 May have lost the coleoptile leaf by this time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leaf number and ear shoot formation is now complete.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plant is approximately 8 inches tall.\u00a0 Growing point is just below the ground surface.\u00a0 A hail or light freeze will cause little long\u2010term damage to the plant.\u00a0 However, flooding while the growing point is below ground can kill the plant, especially if temperatures are high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The first internode to elongate is approximately 0.5 inch long and is located just below the node to which leaf 5 is connected.\u00a0 This is an important reference for crop growth staging.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tassel formation has been initiated. <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6\u2010Leaf (V6) <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n

Collar of 6th leaf visible.\u00a0 Occurs approximately 3\u2010weeks after emergence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Growing point and tassel above soil surface making the plant more vulnerable to a hail or freeze.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Permanent root system rather than the seminal roots is now the primary root system supporting the plant. Root system extends approximately 18 inches.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7\u2010Leaf (V7) <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

Collar of 7th leaf visible.\u00a0 Plant beginning to grow rapidly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The number of kernel rows being determined from V7 to V8. Maximum row set by V8.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8\u2010Leaf (V8)<\/strong><\/td>\nCollar of 8th leaf visible.\u00a0 Occurs approximately 45 days after emergence. Plants may have lost lower two leaves.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9\u2010Leaf (V9)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

Collar of 9th leaf visible.\u00a0 Ear shoots are visible in the leaf collar regions.\u00a0 May have up to<\/p>\n

8 ear shoots.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Tassel is rapidly developing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10\u2010Leaf (V10)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

Collar of 10th leaf visible.\u00a0 New leaf stage occurring every 3 to 4 days.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Water and nutrient demands are high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11\u2010Leaf (V11) <\/strong><\/td>\nCollar of 11th leaf visible.\u00a0 May have lost lower three leaves.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12\u2010Leaf (V12) <\/strong><\/td>\nCollar of 12th leaf visible.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Approximately 6 weeks after planting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a013\u201017 Leaves (V13\u2010V17)<\/strong><\/td>\nV17 is approximately 8 weeks after emergence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leaf stages 13 to 17 will develop very rapidly.\u00a0 At some point the tip of the tassel will be visible.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Early maturing hybrids progress from the 13\u2010leaf stage through the 17\u2010leaf stage faster than later maturing hybrids and have smaller ears.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brace roots developing from the 6th node.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tassel\u00a0 (VT)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\nTassel is fully emerged 2 to 3 days prior to silking.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plant is at full height and all leaves have emerged.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Table 2.\u00a0 Postemergence herbicide labeled growth stages for common corn herbicides. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Herbicide<\/strong><\/td>\nPrimary Active Ingredient(s)<\/strong><\/td>\nLabeled corn growth stage and\/or plant height<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acuron<\/td>\nbicyclopyrone + mesotrione + Smetolachlor + atrazine<\/td>\nUp to 12″ corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anthem Maxx<\/td>\npyroxasulfone + fluthiacet\u2010methyl<\/td>\nSpike through V4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Armezon Pro<\/td>\nisoxoflutole + thiencarbazonemethyl<\/td>\nSpike through V8 or 30″ tall corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atrazine<\/td>\nAtrazine<\/td>\nUp to 12″ corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Banvel<\/td>\ndicamba<\/td>\nApply from spike through V5 or\u00a0 8\u201d tall. After V5 or at heights between 8 and 36″ and up to 15 days before tassel, reduce rate to apply 0.5 pt\/acre. Growth regulator herbicides applied after V5 make crop more susceptible to green snap (brittle snap) injury.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Basagran<\/td>\nbentazon<\/td>\nNo height or growth stage restriction on label<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Basis Blend<\/td>\nrimsulfuron + thifensulfuron<\/td>\nSpike through V2 corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beacon<\/td>\nprimisulfuron<\/td>\nApply between 4″ and 20\u201d tall corn. Use drop nozzles when corn is taller than\u00a0 20\u201d\u00a0 and before tassel emergence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cadet<\/td>\nfluthiacet methyl<\/td>\nApplications can be made prior to tasseling or until crop is 48″ tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Callisto<\/td>\nmesotrione<\/td>\nUp to V8 or 30\u201d corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Capreno<\/td>\ntembotrione +\u00a0 thiencarbazonemethyl<\/td>\nV1 through V8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DiFlexx\/DiFlexx Duo<\/td>\ndicamba<\/td>\nSpike through V6 or 36″ corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Glyphosate (Various Products)<\/td>\nglyphosate<\/td>\nUp to V8 or 30\u201d corn. Use drop nozzles for corn 30 to 48\u201d tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Halex GT<\/td>\nmesotrione + S\u2010metolachlor + glyphosate<\/td>\nUp to V8 or 30\u201d corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Harmony Extra SG<\/td>\nthifensulfuron + tribenuron<\/td>\nV2 through V6 or 16″ tall corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Impact Z<\/td>\ntopramezone + atrazine<\/td>\nLabeled for applications up to 45 days before harvest.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Laudis<\/td>\ntembotrione<\/td>\nV1 through V8 corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Liberty<\/td>\nglufosinate<\/td>\nPreplant to V7 growth stage or 24″.\u00a0 Use drop nozzles for corn 24\u201336\u201d tall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Permit<\/td>\nhalosulfuron<\/td>\nSpike through layby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Realm Q<\/td>\nmesotrione + rimsulfuron<\/td>\nPreplant burndown up to V6 or 20\u201d tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Resicore<\/td>\nmesotrione + acetochlor + clopyralid +<\/td>\nPreplant to 11″ tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Solstice<\/td>\nmesotrione + fluthiacet methyl<\/td>\nSpike through V8 or 30\u201d tall corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Starane NXT<\/td>\nbromoxynil + fluroxypyr<\/td>\nV1 through V5 corn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Status<\/td>\ndicamba<\/td>\nV2 through V8 or 36″ tall corn. Growth regulator herbicides applied after V5 make crop more susceptible to green snap (brittle snap) injury.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Steadfast Q<\/td>\nnicosulfuron + rimsulfuron<\/td>\nPreplant through V6 or 20\u201d tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yukon<\/td>\nhalosulfuron + dicamba<\/td>\nSpike to 36\u201d tall.\u00a0 Use drop nozzles for corn greater 20\u201d tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zemax<\/td>\nmesotrione + S\u2010metolachlor<\/td>\nSpike through V8 or 30\u201d tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,4\u2010D<\/td>\n2,4\u2010D<\/td>\nUse drop nozzles when corn is taller than 8\u201d. Growth regulator herbicides applied after V5 make crop more susceptible to green snap (brittle snap) injury.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Jourdan Bell
Assistant Professor and Extension Agronomist
Dept. of Soil&Crop Sciences
jourdan.bell@ag.tamu.edu<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Jourdan Bell, Texas A&M AgriLife Assistant Professor and Agronomist – Amarillo Post emergent herbicide applications are necessary for season long weed control. Post emergent corn herbicide labels define the latest growth stage for which herbicide applications can be made without causing crop injury. Herbicide applications past the recommended application stages can result in significant crop injury. For some herbicides, later applications can be made according to the label, but drop nozzles are recommended to prevent herbicides being sprayed in the whorl. Some herbicide labels provide a recommended… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1371,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,16,50],"tags":[51],"class_list":["post-1371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-46","category-archive","category-june-2018","tag-june-2018"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCorn Growth Stages and Post Emergent Herbicide Timing - Texas Row Crops Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2018\/06\/04\/corn-growth-stages-and-post-emergent-herbicide-timing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Corn Growth Stages and Post Emergent Herbicide Timing - Texas Row Crops Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Jourdan Bell, Texas A&M AgriLife Assistant Professor and Agronomist – Amarillo Post emergent herbicide applications are necessary for season long weed control. Post emergent corn herbicide labels define the latest growth stage for which herbicide applications can be made without causing crop injury. Herbicide applications past the recommended application stages can result in significant crop injury. For some herbicides, later applications can be made according to the label, but drop nozzles are recommended to prevent herbicides being sprayed in the whorl. Some herbicide labels provide a recommended... 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Post emergent corn herbicide labels define the latest growth stage for which herbicide applications can be made without causing crop injury. Herbicide applications past the recommended application stages can result in significant crop injury. For some herbicides, later applications can be made according to the label, but drop nozzles are recommended to prevent herbicides being sprayed in the whorl. Some herbicide labels provide a recommended... 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