{"id":1033,"date":"2017-04-03T13:02:50","date_gmt":"2017-04-03T13:02:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/?p=1033"},"modified":"2017-04-29T13:33:39","modified_gmt":"2017-04-29T13:33:39","slug":"gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/","title":{"rendered":"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Thomas Isakeit, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist, College Station<\/p>\n

Goss\u2019s wilt is a bacterial disease of corn, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis <\/em>subsp. nebraskensis<\/em>. In recent years, its range has expanded beyond the Midwestern states, where it had been confined for decades.\u00a0 Outbreaks in Texas were confirmed in 2009, 2014 and 2016.\u00a0 Most of the affected fields were in the High Plains, but there have been occurrences in the Blacklands and Upper Coast growing areas (Figs. 1 &2).\u00a0 At this point, I don\u2019t know whether these occurrences represent a \u201cnew normal\u201d expansion of range, or are just isolated outbreaks related to unusually wet weather in combination with planting infected seed of \u00a0a susceptible hybrid.\u00a0 I think it will take several more seasons to know this.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s known that the pathogen can overwinter on crop residue under Midwestern conditions.\u00a0 To determine if this pathogen can overwinter in Texas, my collaborators and I placed pieces of dried, infected corn leaves collected from a Texas crop in nylon mesh bags.\u00a0 In September, 2016, these bags were placed either on the surface of a fallow field, or buried four inches deep.\u00a0 The locations were in Burleson, Hill and Fort Bend counties.\u00a0 The bags were recovered at approximately five week intervals and the leaf residue or adhering soil was assessed for the ability to cause disease in corn seedlings.\u00a0 About half the samples left on the soil surface at all locations were infective after five weeks.\u00a0 In comparison, samples stored dry in a refrigerator (45\u00b0F) retained infectivity. At ten weeks, the pathogen was still detectable in surface residue from all three locations.\u00a0 After this time, it was not detectable from the Fort Bend location.\u00a0 However, the pathogen was detected in about 15% of the samples from the other two locations at 25 weeks, which was in March, 2017.<\/p>\n

In contrast, the pathogen quickly and more completely disappeared from buried samples.\u00a0 There was only one positive sample, detected 20 weeks after burial.\u00a0 The demise of the pathogen was associated with a very rapid disintegration of buried plant tissue.\u00a0 This pathogen does not like exposure to soil, apparently.\u00a0 In a separate experiment, recovery of known amounts the pathogen added to the Hill and Burleson county soils, kept at different moistures and temperatures, was measured.\u00a0 The pathogen survived fairly well in refrigerated soils, but at six days, the recovery was 5%-20% in soils kept at constant 72\u00b0F.\u00a0 At this temperature, survival plummeted dramatically after that, to 0.005%-0.009% at 32 days.<\/p>\n

Since a small number of samples were used in these experiments, these results should be considered preliminary.\u00a0 However, I consider the positive detection of the pathogen in this time frame to be significant, because it shows the possibility of the pathogen bridging to the next growing season.\u00a0 But remember,\u00a0 the presence of pathogen in a field the following season does not necessarily mean that there will be a disease problem.\u00a0 Weather will have significant impact on disease development.\u00a0 Frequent rains during the growing season provide an opportunity for the pathogen to move.\u00a0 Significantly, the pathogen needs some wound to the plant in order to enter it, before it can cause disease.\u00a0 This is well known, but I have seen this in my studies. If I place millions of bacteria in water in the leaf whorl of a corn seedling, nothing happens. But if I wound the stem with a tiny needle and then place as little as ten bacteria in that wound, I will have visible disease within a week.\u00a0 In the field, wounds from sand blasting or hail would predispose corn to infection.<\/p>\n

If\u00a0 Goss\u2019s wilt occurred in a corn field, my current recommendation is to rotate out of corn for at least a year, and to incorporate crop residue, so that it decomposes quickly. \u00a0\u00a0As a precaution, grass weeds should be controlled during this period.\u00a0 There are reports of some grass species as additional hosts of Goss\u2019s wilt, but their significance, particularly under Texas conditions, are not known.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0As an additional control measure, many corn hybrids have resistance to the pathogen.\u00a0 In my opinion, this disease is not likely to become a chronic problem in Texas.<\/p>\n

If you have any questions, contact Thomas Isakeit at (979) 862-1340 or t-isakeit@tamu.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Fig. 1 Symptoms of Goss\u2019s wilt of corn in Jackson County in 2014. (Photo: T. Isakeit)<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Fig. 2 \u201cFreckles\u201d symptom of Goss\u2019s wilt (arrow). This is a distinctive symptom for this disease. (Photo: T. Isakeit)<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Thomas Isakeit, Ph.D.
Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist
College Station, TX
t-isakeit@tamu.edu<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Thomas Isakeit, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist, College Station Goss\u2019s wilt is a bacterial disease of corn, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. In recent years, its range has expanded beyond the Midwestern states, where it had been confined for decades.\u00a0 Outbreaks in Texas were confirmed in 2009, 2014 and 2016.\u00a0 Most of the affected fields were in the High Plains, but there have been occurrences in the Blacklands and Upper Coast growing areas (Figs. 1 &2).\u00a0 At this point, I don\u2019t know whether these occurrences represent… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1371,"featured_media":1034,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,20,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-35","category-april","category-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS - Texas Row Crops Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS - Texas Row Crops Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Thomas Isakeit, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist, College Station Goss\u2019s wilt is a bacterial disease of corn, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. In recent years, its range has expanded beyond the Midwestern states, where it had been confined for decades.\u00a0 Outbreaks in Texas were confirmed in 2009, 2014 and 2016.\u00a0 Most of the affected fields were in the High Plains, but there have been occurrences in the Blacklands and Upper Coast growing areas (Figs. 1 &2).\u00a0 At this point, I don\u2019t know whether these occurrences represent... Read More →\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Texas Row Crops Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-04-03T13:02:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-29T13:33:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2017\/04\/Isakeit-pic.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1728\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1152\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"l-francis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"l-francis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"l-francis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/75521ee3b2ee8ccc41538b7b022dc8dc\"},\"headline\":\"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-03T13:02:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-29T13:33:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":787,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/Isakeit-pic.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"2017\",\"April\",\"Archive\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/\",\"name\":\"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS - Texas Row Crops Newsletter\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/Isakeit-pic.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-03T13:02:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-29T13:33:39+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/75521ee3b2ee8ccc41538b7b022dc8dc\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/Isakeit-pic.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/Isakeit-pic.jpg\",\"width\":1728,\"height\":1152},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/03\\\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/\",\"name\":\"Texas Row Crops Newsletter\",\"description\":\"Meeting AgriLife\u2019s Outreach Mission\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/75521ee3b2ee8ccc41538b7b022dc8dc\",\"name\":\"l-francis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d244a9e9ac7f103f782c39b24f80fe253aa1f98b7e001e1aa93a8c2be21df87f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d244a9e9ac7f103f782c39b24f80fe253aa1f98b7e001e1aa93a8c2be21df87f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d244a9e9ac7f103f782c39b24f80fe253aa1f98b7e001e1aa93a8c2be21df87f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"l-francis\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasrowcrops\\\/author\\\/l-francis\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS - Texas Row Crops Newsletter","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS - Texas Row Crops Newsletter","og_description":"by Thomas Isakeit, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist, College Station Goss\u2019s wilt is a bacterial disease of corn, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. In recent years, its range has expanded beyond the Midwestern states, where it had been confined for decades.\u00a0 Outbreaks in Texas were confirmed in 2009, 2014 and 2016.\u00a0 Most of the affected fields were in the High Plains, but there have been occurrences in the Blacklands and Upper Coast growing areas (Figs. 1 &2).\u00a0 At this point, I don\u2019t know whether these occurrences represent... Read More →","og_url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/","og_site_name":"Texas Row Crops Newsletter","article_published_time":"2017-04-03T13:02:50+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-04-29T13:33:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1728,"height":1152,"url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2017\/04\/Isakeit-pic.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"l-francis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"l-francis","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/"},"author":{"name":"l-francis","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/#\/schema\/person\/75521ee3b2ee8ccc41538b7b022dc8dc"},"headline":"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS","datePublished":"2017-04-03T13:02:50+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-29T13:33:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/"},"wordCount":787,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2017\/04\/Isakeit-pic.jpg","articleSection":["2017","April","Archive"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/","name":"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS - Texas Row Crops Newsletter","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2017\/04\/Isakeit-pic.jpg","datePublished":"2017-04-03T13:02:50+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-29T13:33:39+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/#\/schema\/person\/75521ee3b2ee8ccc41538b7b022dc8dc"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2017\/04\/Isakeit-pic.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/files\/2017\/04\/Isakeit-pic.jpg","width":1728,"height":1152},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/2017\/04\/03\/gosss-wilt-of-corn-ability-to-overwinter-in-texas\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"GOSS\u2019S WILT OF CORN: ABILITY TO OVERWINTER IN TEXAS"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/#website","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/","name":"Texas Row Crops Newsletter","description":"Meeting AgriLife\u2019s Outreach Mission","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/#\/schema\/person\/75521ee3b2ee8ccc41538b7b022dc8dc","name":"l-francis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d244a9e9ac7f103f782c39b24f80fe253aa1f98b7e001e1aa93a8c2be21df87f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d244a9e9ac7f103f782c39b24f80fe253aa1f98b7e001e1aa93a8c2be21df87f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d244a9e9ac7f103f782c39b24f80fe253aa1f98b7e001e1aa93a8c2be21df87f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"l-francis"},"url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/author\/l-francis\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1371"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1033"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1033\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasrowcrops\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}