{"id":95,"date":"2013-07-08T09:13:38","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T14:13:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=95"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:36:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:36:18","slug":"a-cattle-rancher-v-an-oil-company-the-accomodation-doctrine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/07\/08\/a-cattle-rancher-v-an-oil-company-the-accomodation-doctrine\/","title":{"rendered":"A Cattle Rancher v. An Oil Company – The Accommodation Doctrine"},"content":{"rendered":"

**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.**<\/span><\/p>\n

A recent Texas Supreme Court decision pitted a cattle rancher against an oil company, and has shed additional light on the legal principal in oil and gas law known as the accommodation doctrine.<\/p>\n

Background on Merriman v. XTO.<\/em>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Homer Merriman owns the surface estate of a 40 acre tract of land in Limestone County.\u00a0 On this land, he built his home, barn, and corrals, which he uses about once a\u00a0year to work cattle.\u00a0 Mr. Merriman also leases several other tracts of land that he uses in his cattle operation.\u00a0 XTO Energy, Inc. has a lease for the property’s mineral estate.\u00a0 XTO contacted Mr. Merriman about drilling a gas well on his property, but Mr. Merriman told XTO that the well would interfere with his cattle operation.\u00a0 XTO drilled the well despite Mr. Merriman’s objections.\u00a0 Mr. Merriman filed suit seeking an injunction\u00a0that would require\u00a0XTO to remove the well.\u00a0 Mr. Merriman argued that XTO failed to accommodate his existing use of the surface estate to work cattle, which exceeded its rights as a mineral lessee and constituting trespass.<\/p>\n

\"58962_795309920552_1665447_n\"<\/a><\/p>\n

What is the accommodation doctrine?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Generally, a party who holds a mineral right (like XTO in this case) also automatically\u00a0has the implied\u00a0right to\u00a0use the\u00a0surface of the land as reasonably necessary\u00a0to extract minerals.\u00a0 The accommodation doctrine protects the right of surface owners by requiring a mineral owner to accommodate the surface owner’s\u00a0existing use of the land if possible to do so.\u00a0\u00a0So, or example, an oil company may\u00a0be permitted to create a road in order to access a well on someone’s property, but they\u00a0likely are not permitted to make\u00a05 roads through a corn field that would harm the surface owner’s farming activity.<\/p>\n

In order for a surface owner to claim that a lessee failed to accommodate an existing use of the surface, he must prove that: \u00a0(1)\u00a0\u00a0The mineral owner’s actions “precludes or substantially impairs the existing use”;\u00a0(2) “There is no reasonable alternative method available to the surface owner by which the existing use can be continued”; and (3) There are reasonable alternatives available to the mineral lessee that will allow the discovery of minerals while also allowing the surface owner to continue his existing uses.<\/p>\n

The Texas\u00a0Supreme Court’s Decision.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Texas Supreme Court sided with XTO and dismissed Mr. Merriman’s case.\u00a0 Their reasoning, however, is important and may actually prove beneficial to landowners in future cases.<\/p>\n

First, XTO argued that Mr. Merriman did not prove that there was no reasonable alternative for him to run his cattle operation, because he leased other properties.\u00a0 Essentially, XTO argued that the accommodation test required proof that no other alternatives were available anywhere, not just on the particular property at issue.\u00a0 The Court adopted the more confined test, and held that Mr. Merriman was not required to prove that he could not have run his existing cattle operation on other portions of his leased land.<\/p>\n

Why is this important for landowners?<\/strong>\u00a0 It is much easier to prove that an oil company’s drilling a well makes it impossible to run cattle on the particular property that the well is on, but would be much harder to ever prove that there was no alternative property on which the operation could be run.\u00a0 The standard adopted by\u00a0the Court, which looks at the particular property at issue, is more favorable for landowners.<\/p>\n

Second, XTO argued that even if Mr. Merriman could not run cattle on the property, he did not prove that he could conduct no alternative agricultural operation.\u00a0 Mr. Merriman argued that the test was not whether he could run another type of operation, but whether he could continue running his specific cattle operation.\u00a0 The Court agreed with Mr. Merriman.\u00a0 The court held that rather than looking at agricultural uses generally, the test requires that it look at whether the specific use (like Mr. Merriman’s\u00a0cattle operation) could be continued.<\/p>\n

Why is this important for landowners?<\/strong>\u00a0 Again, this is a more favorable test for landowners.\u00a0 It would be much more difficult that one could not conduct any<\/em> agricultural operation on the property where the well was drilled.\u00a0 Mr. Merriman would have to show that he could not run cattle, but also that he could not, for example, plant pecan trees or raise goats or plant cotton on the property before he could succeed on his claim.\u00a0 This would have been an onerous burden for a landowner to win a case against the oil company.\u00a0 The Court’s decision on this item is favorable for agriculture.<\/p>\n

Lastly, despite these two helpful interpretations by the Court, Mr. Merriman was unable to succeed on his claim against XTO based on the facts of his case.\u00a0 Mr. Merriman did not prove that there was no alternative method for working cattle elsewhere on the tract of land.\u00a0 He did not prove that he could not construct new pens or use temporary pens for working the cattle.\u00a0\u00a0 In fact,\u00a0when questioned about building new pens on the same land in a different area, Mr. Merriman testified that\u00a0it would be “easier” not to have to build new pens and that using\u00a0the existing corrals “works best for me.”\u00a0 The mere fact that making an operational change is an inconvenience or would be expensive\u00a0is not sufficient to meet the accommodation test requirements.\u00a0 Thus, Mr. Merriman’s\u00a0case was denied and XTO gets to keep its well.<\/p>\n

So what is the bottom line?<\/strong>\u00a0 The accommodation doctrine looks narrowly at how a mineral owner’s use of the surface estate impacts the surface owner’s:\u00a0 (1) Use the same property at issue; and (2) Ability to conduct the specific agricultural activity in which he is engaged.\u00a0 Even with these favorable tests, however, a landowner must prove that the mineral owner’s intrusion on his land\u00a0causes there to be no reasonable alternative for the\u00a0surface owner\u00a0to conduct his activity on the land, not just that it makes doing so more expensive or less convenient.\u00a0 This remains a difficult burden to meet, and one which Mr. Merriman could not overcome.<\/p>\n

[Read the full\u00a0opinion here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** A recent Texas Supreme Court decision pitted a cattle rancher against an oil company, and has shed additional light on the legal principal in oil and gas law known as the accommodation doctrine. Background on Merriman v. XTO.\u00a0 Homer Merriman owns the surface estate of a 40 acre tract of land in Limestone County.\u00a0 On this land, he built his home, barn, and corrals, which he uses about once a\u00a0year to work cattle.\u00a0 Mr. Merriman also… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oil-and-gas-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Cattle Rancher v. 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