{"id":8232,"date":"2020-01-20T09:46:13","date_gmt":"2020-01-20T15:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=8232"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:20:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:20:17","slug":"will-texas-courts-enforce-liability-waivers-signed-on-behalf-of-minor-children","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2020\/01\/20\/will-texas-courts-enforce-liability-waivers-signed-on-behalf-of-minor-children\/","title":{"rendered":"Will Texas Courts Enforce Liability Waivers Signed on Behalf of Minor Children?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

For landowners who allow minor children to come onto their property and partake in activities like hunting, swimming, fishing, or riding ATVs, there is an interesting question that remains unanswered by the Texas Supreme Court: Are liability waivers signed by a parent on behalf of a minor child enforceable in Texas?<\/p>\n

\"\"

Photo by Melanie Dretvic on Unsplash<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

The Texas Supreme Court has never directly addressed this issue.\u00a0 There are however, a handful of lower court cases indicating these waivers may not be enforceable.<\/p>\n

Background<\/strong><\/p>\n

Landowners who allow minor children to come onto their property for recreational activities often worry about potential liability exposure in the event the child is injured.\u00a0 Obtaining signed liability waivers is one method of potentially preventing liability in the event an injury does occur.\u00a0 Generally, Texas courts are willing to enforce a validly drafted liability waiver and will allow such waivers to serve as a defense to a negligence claim.\u00a0 In a very general sense, these waivers essentially state that the participant agrees to participate in the activity, the participant understands there are risks associated with the activity, and the participant agrees not to hold the landowner liable for negligence in the event of an injury.<\/p>\n

The question, then, is whether these types of waivers are enforceable when the injured party is a minor child and the waiver was signed by a parent or legal guardian.<\/p>\n

Cases<\/strong><\/p>\n

Munoz v. II Jaz Inc.<\/em>, 863 S.W.2d 207 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 1993).<\/p>\n

The first Texas case to address this issue was a 1993 decision by the 14th District Court of Appeals in Houston in\u00a0Munoz v. II Jaz Inc.<\/em>\u00a0 In that case, a nine-year-old girl was injured when she fell off a ride at the defendant’s amusement park.\u00a0 A waiver was signed on the child’s behalf.\u00a0 The child’s parents filed suit against the amusement park, who raised several defenses, including the existence of the liability waiver.\u00a0 The trial court dismissed the case on summary judgment based upon the waiver.\u00a0 The parents appealed that decision.<\/p>\n

The appellate court reversed on two issues, one of which is relevant to our discussion: Can a parent waive a minor child’s right to sue for personal injury damages?\u00a0 The court held that such waivers were not enforceable based on Texas statute and public policy.<\/p>\n

First, the court looked to Texas Family Code Section 12.04(7), which grants parents the right to make decisions of substantial legal significance concerning the child. Relying on precedent construing this section as not allowing a parent to agree to reduce the amount of child support because that was a benefit to the child, the court determined that this statute “does not give parents the power to waive a child’s cause of action for personal injuries” because doing so would “be against the public policy to protect minor children.”\u00a0 Additionally, the court cited cases from other states including New Jersey and Connecticut holding that liability waivers signed by parents on behalf of minors were not enforceable.<\/p>\n

Paz v. Life Time Fitness<\/em>, 757 F. Supp. 2d 658 (S.D. Tex. 2010).<\/p>\n

In 2010, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas faced this same issue in\u00a0Paz v. Life Time Fitness<\/em>.\u00a0 In that case, a child was injured while attending a summer day camp at a fitness center in Sugarland, TX.\u00a0 The child’s mother signed a liability waiver when she enrolled the child in the camp.\u00a0 The federal court noted that since the Texas Supreme Court had never ruled on this issue, the federal court would make an “Erie<\/em> prediction,” which essentially predicts how the Texas Supreme Court would rule on this issue were it before the justices. Based on the decision in\u00a0Munoz<\/em> as well as case law from other jurisdictions, the federal court held that a pre-injury release signed by a parent is not enforceable to release the defendant from all liability for the child’s injury.\u00a0 Interestingly, the federal court opinion did note that this rule was applicable where the defendant was a commercial enterprise but noted that the outcome may be different in the event the defendants were a nonprofit community or school program.<\/p>\n

McClure v. Life Time Fitness<\/em>, No. Civ. H-13-1794, 2014 WL 6851942, at *5 (S.D. Tex. Dec. 3, 2014).<\/p>\n

In 2014, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas issued an unpublished opinion reaching the same conclusion after relying on both Munoz <\/em>and Paz.\u00a0 <\/em>In McClure<\/em>, a child was injured in the childcare area at Life Time Fitness in Humble, Texas.\u00a0 His mother signed a release when she joined the fitness center.<\/p>\n

Key Takeaways\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

So, if a landowner wants to allow minors to come onto his or her property for a recreational purpose, how can he or she protect themselves?<\/p>\n

First, the best step a landowner can take to protect themselves from any situation occurring on the property is to have liability insurance.\u00a0 I cannot over-emphasize the importance of having insurance if you are a landowner or an agricultural tenant.\u00a0 Keep in mind that insurance not only provides coverage up to the policy limits, but also provides a defense to help a landowner navigate a lawsuit.\u00a0 Also, insurance would apply to any covered claim regardless of whether a waiver was obtained and regardless of whether Texas courts found the waiver to be valid.<\/p>\n

Second, landowners allowing minor children to engage in recreational activities may want to consider requiring adult supervision.\u00a0 Further, some leases I have seen have required not only an adult supervisor, but provided that the supervisor would be liable for any injury and would indemnify the landowner.\u00a0 There has not been a Texas court decision addressing this type of approach, but it may be something to consider.\u00a0 In order for this type of agreement to be arguably enforceable, it would need to be signed by both the injured child’s parent as well as the adult supervisor.<\/p>\n

Third, the Texas AgriTourism Act is likely the best bet for a Texas landowner to enforce a liability waiver against a minor child.\u00a0 Basically, the Act provides that a landowner is not liable for an injury occurring on agricultural land if the participant was engaged in an agricultural or educational activity if the landowner hangs up a sign or obtains a specific waiver.\u00a0 [For more detailed info on the Act, click here<\/a>.]\u00a0 The AgriTourism Act statute expressly states that the waiver can be signed by the “participant or their parent, guardian or managing conservator.”\u00a0 This statutory language seems to provide a good basis to believe the Texas Legislature intended to allow parents signing this specific waiver under this Act to waive liability for minor children.\u00a0 Do note, however, that there have been no cases challenging this provision to date.<\/p>\n

Finally, landowners should still consider obtaining a general liability waiver signed by parents on behalf of minor children because the Texas Supreme Court has never ruled on this issue.\u00a0 None of the three cases addressing this issue are binding on the Texas Supreme Court.\u00a0 The Court could determine these cases were wrongly decided and hold such waivers to be enforceable in the future.\u00a0 Until this question is answered, obtaining a waiver signed by a parent on behalf of a minor could be a potential defense.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For landowners who allow minor children to come onto their property and partake in activities like hunting, swimming, fishing, or riding ATVs, there is an interesting question that remains unanswered by the Texas Supreme Court: Are liability waivers signed by a parent on behalf of a minor child enforceable in Texas? The Texas Supreme Court has never directly addressed this issue.\u00a0 There are however, a handful of lower court cases indicating these waivers may not be enforceable. Background Landowners who allow minor children to come onto their property… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":8374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landowner-liability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWill Texas Courts Enforce Liability Waivers Signed on Behalf of Minor Children? - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2020\/01\/20\/will-texas-courts-enforce-liability-waivers-signed-on-behalf-of-minor-children\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Will Texas Courts Enforce Liability Waivers Signed on Behalf of Minor Children? - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For landowners who allow minor children to come onto their property and partake in activities like hunting, swimming, fishing, or riding ATVs, there is an interesting question that remains unanswered by the Texas Supreme Court: Are liability waivers signed by a parent on behalf of a minor child enforceable in Texas? 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The Texas Supreme Court has never directly addressed this issue.\u00a0 There are however, a handful of lower court cases indicating these waivers may not be enforceable. Background Landowners who allow minor children to come onto their property... 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