{"id":734,"date":"2013-10-23T14:13:03","date_gmt":"2013-10-23T19:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=734"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:35:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:35:47","slug":"questions-from-tiffanys-desk-tceq-action-in-kimble-county","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/10\/23\/questions-from-tiffanys-desk-tceq-action-in-kimble-county\/","title":{"rendered":"Questions from Tiffany’s Desk: TCEQ Action in Kimble County"},"content":{"rendered":"

***This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.***<\/span><\/p>\n

Today we have our second post in the “Questions from Tiffany’s Desk” series.\u00a0 In the past week, I have gotten four calls and emails asking questions similar to the one below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question:<\/strong>\u00a0 We read\u00a0an article in the paper.\u00a0 What\u00a0is going on in Kimble County with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (“TCEQ”) ordering a rancher to remove a dam from a stream on private property?\u00a0 What is the law regarding building dams across streams on private property?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Photo via Shawna Moody, Albuquerque, NM<\/p><\/div>\n

Answer (Part I):\u00a0 <\/strong>The exact circumstances surrounding the issue in Kimble County are disputed and not clear.\u00a0 There have been two articles published in the Menard News recently discussing this issue. \u00a0As often happens in disputes, the two sides of this issue wrote very different articles.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Runge Article<\/span>:\u00a0 The first article ran October 10, 2013 and was written by Caroline Runge, the Menard County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1\u00a0manager.\u00a0 This\u00a0article, titled “TCEQ Takes Private Property Without Notice Or Hearing,”\u00a0reported that the TCEQ issued a fine and ordered a Kimble County Rancher to\u00a0 remove a dam on a creek running across his private property.\u00a0 The article stated that the TCEQ took this action after reclassifying the stream as “navigable.”\u00a0 [Read\u00a0article here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Coval Article:<\/span>\u00a0 The second article ran October 17, 2013 and was written by TCEQ Executive Director Zak Coval.\u00a0 This article, titled “No Taking of Private Property” explains TCEQ’s position that the landowner involved was impounding state water without a required permit.\u00a0 [Read article here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

As these articles make clear, the parties involved have differing opinions as to the precise facts that led to this dispute and the removal of the dam.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer\u00a0(Part II):<\/strong>\u00a0 Although complex,\u00a0it is important to understand\u00a0the law surrounding\u00a0ownership of surface water and of streambeds in Texas.<\/p>\n

First<\/span>, it is important to\u00a0remember that in Texas, surface water in a watercourse is owned by the State and held in trust for the public.\u00a0 It is not owned by the landowner on whose land\u00a0it flows.\u00a0\u00a0 To read a detailed blog on surface water ownership, click here<\/a>.\u00a0 In order to use, store, or divert state water, a person generally must obtain a permit from the TCEQ.\u00a0 See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 11.021.\u00a0 An exception exists that allows a landowner to construct a dam or reservoir on his or her own property with normal storage less than 200 acre-feet of water for certain purposes, including non-commercial domestic or livestock purposes, non-commercial fish and wildlife purposes, or wildlife management.\u00a0 See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 11.142.\u00a0 If a dam or reservoir is larger than 200 acre-feet or is for other purposes, a permit must be obtained.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Second<\/span>, ownership of streambeds in Texas depends upon whether the streams are “navigable.”\u00a0 If a streambed is non-navigable, then the streambed (and minerals beneath the streambed) are owned by the private landowner.\u00a0 The water in the stream, however, is owned by the state and, as\u00a0described above, a\u00a0permit is generally still required from the TCEQ in order to\u00a0use, store, or divert\u00a0surface water, even\u00a0in a non-navigable stream.\u00a0 (The above-referenced exception for domestic and livestock diversions still applies and if an impoundment meets those criteria, no permit is necessary.)\u00a0 Navigable streambeds (including the water within the stream and\u00a0minerals beneath it) are owned by the State of Texas and landowners are not permitted to build a fence, dam, or other structure to prevent persons from traveling unimpeded along a navigable waterway.\u00a0 See <\/em>Texas Water\u00a0Code\u00a0Section 11.096.\u00a0 In fact, persons are able to travel down navigable streams even if the stream runs across private property.<\/p>\n

Because ownership depends upon classification, it is important to understand the test for whether a stream is considered to be “navigable.”\u00a0 In Texas, there are two separate navigability tests.\u00a0 The first test is to determine if a stream is “navigable in fact” looks to determine whether the river or stream\u00a0can serve as a “common highway for trade and travel” in its\u00a0natural and ordinary condition.\u00a0\u00a0If the answer is yes, it is navigable in fact and the streambed is owned by the state.\u00a0 Courts interpreting this definition have considered whether commercial or pleasure boats could travel along the waterway and even whether logs could float down the waterway.<\/p>\n

If the\u00a0river or stream is not “navigable in fact,” it\u00a0may still be “navigable in law” under the second test.\u00a0 The “navigable in law” test is based upon a Texas statute and looks at the size of the waterway.\u00a0 If the streambed\u00a0maintains an average width of 30 feet from the mouth up, it is considered “navigable in law.” \u00a0See<\/em> Texas Natural Resources Code Section 26.001(c).\u00a0 This distance refers to the entire bed, not the portion where water may be flowing.\u00a0 Although the court is the final decision maker as to whether a stream is navigable in fact or in law, state agencies, including the TCEQ and the General Land Office often make these determinations as part of their rulemaking authority.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

***This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.*** Today we have our second post in the “Questions from Tiffany’s Desk” series.\u00a0 In the past week, I have gotten four calls and emails asking questions similar to the one below.   Question:\u00a0 We read\u00a0an article in the paper.\u00a0 What\u00a0is going on in Kimble County with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (“TCEQ”) ordering a rancher to remove a dam from a stream on private property?\u00a0 What is the law regarding building dams across streams on… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-questions-from-tiffanys-desk","category-water-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQuestions from Tiffany's Desk: TCEQ Action in Kimble County - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/10\/23\/questions-from-tiffanys-desk-tceq-action-in-kimble-county\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Questions from Tiffany's Desk: TCEQ Action in Kimble County - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"***This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.*** Today we have our second post in the “Questions from Tiffany’s Desk” series.\u00a0 In the past week, I have gotten four calls and emails asking questions similar to the one below.   Question:\u00a0 We read\u00a0an article in the paper.\u00a0 What\u00a0is going on in Kimble County with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (“TCEQ”) ordering a rancher to remove a dam from a stream on private property?\u00a0 What is the law regarding building dams across streams on... 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