{"id":5535,"date":"2018-01-15T01:43:07","date_gmt":"2018-01-15T07:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=5535"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:24:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:24:27","slug":"egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2018\/01\/15\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\/","title":{"rendered":"Egg Production Practices Subject of Supreme Court Lawsuits"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is not all that often that agricultural issues make their way before the Justices of the United States Supreme Court, but recently two lawsuits were filed in the High Court involving state laws governing egg production.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5598 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/chicken-2684039_1920-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/chicken-2684039_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/chicken-2684039_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/chicken-2684039_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/chicken-2684039_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 2008, California voters passed Proposition 2, the &#8220;Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act,&#8221; which mandated minimum cage sizes (116 square inches of floor space per chicken) for egg farms in the state of California.\u00a0 The regulations were intended to allow hens to lie down, stand up, turn around, and fully extend their limbs.\u00a0 The regulations went into effect in 2015.\u00a0 The law also prohibited the use of gestation crates for swine and solo housing for dairy calves.\u00a0 In 2010, amid concerns that California egg farmers would be at a competitive disadvantage due to the additional costs required to comply with these new regulations, the California Legislature went a step further, passing a law that required all eggs sold in California comply with the cage-size requirements included in Proposition 2, regardless of the laws in the state where the eggs were produced.<\/p>\n<p>In 2016, Massachusetts passed similar laws.\u00a0 Voters passed a ballot initiative requiring that all eggs sold in the state be from hens raised in cage-free environments by 2022.\u00a0 Additionally, the initiative prohibits the sale of pork and veal if the state&#8217;s regulations related to gestation crates and calf facilities are not followed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Litigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lawsuits have been filed challenging both the California law and the Massachusetts law.\u00a0 Because the lawsuits involve claims between states, the plaintiff states claim that the United States Supreme Court has original jurisdiction&#8211;meaning that plaintiffs do not have to file in lower courts, but instead can file directly with the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p>The lawsuits claim that both the California and Massachusetts laws violate the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.\u00a0 As Steve Marshall, Alabama Attorney General explained, the lawsuits are &#8220;challenging attempts by California and Massachusetts to impose their agricultural restrictions on farmers in other states, including Alabama.&#8221;\u00a0 Thus, the plaintiff states do not challenge the right of California and Massachusetts to pass laws governing agricultural practices in their own states, but the concern is that these laws go a step further and attempt to govern agricultural practices in all states by prohibiting the sale of products that do not comport with the California and Massachusetts laws.<\/p>\n<p>The lawsuit challenging the California law,\u00a0<em>State of Missouri v. State of California<\/em>,\u00a0was filed by the following states:\u00a0 Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Louisana, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wisconsin.\u00a0 The plaintiff states claim that egg prices have increased since the law went into effect in 2015, costing consumers an additional $350 million to date due to an increase in egg prices of 1.8%-5.1%.\u00a0 According to Missouri Attorney General Josh Hawley, the California egg law is &#8220;a clear attempt by big-government proponents to impose job-killing regulations&#8221; on other states.\u00a0 [<a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/Read-Complaint-against-California-here..pdf\">Read Complaint against California here.<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Previously, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected similar claims against the California law filed by six states, finding that the states lacked standing as they could not show harm beyond individual farmers.\u00a0 [Read Opinion <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov\/datastore\/opinions\/2016\/11\/17\/14-17111.pdf\">here<\/a>.]\u00a0 In this new lawsuit, filed under original jurisdiction at the US Supreme Court, the plaintiff states&#8217; claims also allege harm to consumers due to the increased egg prices.<\/p>\n<p>The lawsuit challenging the Massachusetts law was filed by Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.\u00a0 [<a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/Read-Complaint-against-Massachusetts-here..pdf\">Read Complaint against Massachusetts here.<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Key Take Aways<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These cases involve an interesting issue\u00a0that is not likely to go away anytime soon.\u00a0 More frequently, animal rights groups are turning to ballot initiatives to get laws passed related to animal rights and welfare.\u00a0 These ballot initiatives can create non-uniform standards between states, which could essentially require agricultural producers to comply with the strictest state&#8217;s rules in order to sell their product nationwide.\u00a0 This could result in increased costs for producers and consumers alike.\u00a0 Will the US Supreme Court agree that it has original jurisdiction and how will the Court rule?\u00a0 Time will tell.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is not all that often that agricultural issues make their way before the Justices of the United States Supreme Court, but recently two lawsuits were filed in the High Court involving state laws governing egg production. Background In 2008, California voters passed Proposition 2, the &#8220;Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act,&#8221; which mandated minimum cage sizes (116 square inches of floor space per chicken) for egg farms in the state of California.\u00a0 The regulations were intended to allow hens to lie down, stand up, turn around, and&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2018\/01\/15\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2443,"featured_media":5598,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-united-states-supreme-court-decisions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Egg Production Practices Subject of Supreme Court Lawsuits - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2018\/01\/15\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Egg Production Practices Subject of Supreme Court Lawsuits - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is not all that often that agricultural issues make their way before the Justices of the United States Supreme Court, but recently two lawsuits were filed in the High Court involving state laws governing egg production. Background In 2008, California voters passed Proposition 2, the &#8220;Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act,&#8221; which mandated minimum cage sizes (116 square inches of floor space per chicken) for egg farms in the state of California.\u00a0 The regulations were intended to allow hens to lie down, stand up, turn around, and... Read More &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2018\/01\/15\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-01-15T07:43:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-17T20:24:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2018\/01\/chicken-2684039_1920.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/15\\\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/15\\\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/754aac94b6e8c9d5829c91e8c9ff7626\"},\"headline\":\"Egg Production Practices Subject of Supreme Court Lawsuits\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-15T07:43:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-17T20:24:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/15\\\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":683,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/15\\\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/chicken-2684039_1920.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"United States Supreme Court Decisions\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/15\\\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/15\\\/egg-production-practices-subject-supreme-court-lawsuits\\\/\",\"name\":\"Egg Production Practices Subject of Supreme Court Lawsuits - 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