{"id":5030,"date":"2017-08-14T01:27:13","date_gmt":"2017-08-14T06:27:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=5030"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:25:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:25:10","slug":"wotus-where-are-we-now","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2017\/08\/14\/wotus-where-are-we-now\/","title":{"rendered":"WOTUS: Where Are We Now?"},"content":{"rendered":"

For years now, agriculture has been closely following the drama surrounding the definition of \u201cWaters of the United States,\u201d commonly referred to as WOTUS.\u00a0 With a new administration in place, changes have recently occurred in Washington, DC on this issue.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Background<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Clean Water Act, passed in 1972, gave federal jurisdiction to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Army Corps of Engineers (COE) over \u201cwaters of the United States.\u201d\u00a0 Essentially, a person who wishes to do certain activities in a water of the United States\u2014such as point source discharge of pollutants or discharging dredge and fill materials\u2014must obtain a federal permit in order to do so.\u00a0 The Act, however, offered no explanation of what was included in the definition of a \u201cwater of the United States.\u201d\u00a0 Not surprisingly, this proved problematic.<\/p>\n

For the next forty years, it was left up to courts to address this issue.\u00a0 Several times, the issue of whether a wetland, isolated pond, or other water fell within the federal jurisdiction made its way to the United States Supreme Court.\u00a0 This culminated in 2006 in a case called Rapanos v. US Army Corps of Engineers. <\/em>[Read opinion here<\/a>.]\u00a0 In that case, the Court had to determine whether wetlands, lying near ditches or drains that eventually emptied into a traditional navigable waterway, were considered WOTUS.\u00a0 In a complicated turn of events, the Court landed 4-1-4.\u00a0 Four justices, led by Antonin Scalia, held that the lower court applied the incorrect standard to determine if the wetlands were jurisdictional and articulated the correct standard as requiring a WOTUS to require a \u201crelatively permanent, standing, or continuously flowing body of water\u201d traditionally recognized as \u201cstreams, oceans, rivers and lakes\u201d that are connected to traditional bodies of water.\u00a0 Four justices held the opposite, finding that the proper analysis was to defer to the COE if they reasonably concluded that a wetland may affect water quality of adjacent lakes and streams.\u00a0 Breaking the 4-4 tie was Justice Anthony Kennedy.\u00a0 He issued a concurring opinion where he agreed with the outcome reached by the Scalia group, but not their reasoning.\u00a0 He would analyze whether a wetland was a WOTUS by determining if it possessed a \u201csignificant nexus\u201d to waters that are navigable in fact.\u00a0 This opinion offered little clarity, and disputes continued.<\/p>\n

2015 Rule<\/strong><\/p>\n

In 2015, the EPA and COE promulgated a regulation that defined WOTUS under the Clean Water Act.\u00a0 Almost immediately, lawsuits began pouring in across the United States, claiming that the new definition was overly broad and exceeded the scope of authority granted to the agencies pursuant to the Clean Water Act.\u00a0 The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued a nationwide stay on the rule pending litigation.<\/p>\n

Executive Order<\/strong><\/p>\n

In February 2017, President Trump issued an Executive Order which required the EPA and COE to \u201crescind or revise\u201d the 2015 Rule.\u00a0 The Order said that the agencies should \u201cconsider interpreting\u201d the term consistent with Justice Scalia\u2019s opinion in Rapanos<\/em>. \u00a0[Read detailed blog here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

In June, the EPA announced it would be taking the first step to rescind the 2015 Rule and to re-codify the definition of WOTUS prior to the passage of the 2015 rule.<\/p>\n

Where Are We Now?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rescinding a rule already promulgated is not as simple as it may sound.\u00a0 The EPA has published a new proposed rule in the Federal Register, which essentially seeks to codify the rule as it was prior to the 2015 EPA rule being passed (and, due to the 6th<\/sup> Circuit stay, the approach currently in place across the US).\u00a0 Specifically, the proposed rule would rescind the 2015 approach and codify an approach consistent with the Rapanos<\/em> Supreme Court decision, applicable case law, and other longstanding agency practices.<\/p>\n

Now, notice and comment rulemaking will take place, which will allow the public to offer input on the new proposed rule.\u00a0 This period is open through August 28, 2017.\u00a0 After that, the EPA plans to conduct a \u201csubstantive re-evaluation\u201d of the definition of WOTUS and conduct notice and will likely propose a new rule after property notice and comment rulemaking occurs. [Read new proposed rule and comment here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the 2015 rule is not in force anywhere in the United States, as the 6th<\/sup> Circuit stay remains in place.\u00a0 Thus, currently, the definition of WOTUS is governed by the pre-2015 rule that got us the complex decision in the Rapanos<\/em> case.\u00a0 Unfortunately, until a new rule is promulgated, landowners are left with trying to interpret the Rapanos<\/em> decision in order to know whether federal permits are required on their land.<\/p>\n

Hopefully, the revised rule will offer more clarity and certainty for both the government and landowners alike.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For years now, agriculture has been closely following the drama surrounding the definition of \u201cWaters of the United States,\u201d commonly referred to as WOTUS.\u00a0 With a new administration in place, changes have recently occurred in Washington, DC on this issue. Background The Clean Water Act, passed in 1972, gave federal jurisdiction to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Army Corps of Engineers (COE) over \u201cwaters of the United States.\u201d\u00a0 Essentially, a person who wishes to do certain activities in a water of the United States\u2014such as point source… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2443,"featured_media":5031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wotus"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWOTUS: Where Are We Now? - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2017\/08\/14\/wotus-where-are-we-now\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WOTUS: Where Are We Now? - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For years now, agriculture has been closely following the drama surrounding the definition of \u201cWaters of the United States,\u201d commonly referred to as WOTUS.\u00a0 With a new administration in place, changes have recently occurred in Washington, DC on this issue. 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