{"id":49,"date":"2013-06-27T13:35:28","date_gmt":"2013-06-27T18:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=49"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:36:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:36:18","slug":"june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/06\/27\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\/","title":{"rendered":"June 28, 2013 Weekly Round Up"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.**<\/span><\/p>\n<p>At the end of each week,\u00a0I will provide you with a weekly round up detailing various news stories and court decisions that may be of interest.\u00a0 This week, I have\u00a0included a\u00a0few of United States Supreme Court opinions that you have no doubt seen in the news (and one you may not have seen)\u00a0and a\u00a0couple of\u00a0news stories that caught my attention.<\/p>\n<p>This week, the United States Supreme Court released several opinions that will impact Texas or are related (at least tangentially) to agricultural issues.\u00a0 Here are brief summaries of the major opinions from the week, along with a short synopsis of each.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/06\/supreme-court.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-100 aligncenter\" alt=\"supreme court\" src=\"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/06\/supreme-court-300x207.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/06\/supreme-court-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/06\/supreme-court.jpg 746w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In<strong><em> Shelby County v. Holder<\/em><\/strong>, the Supreme Court held a portion of the 1965 Voting Rights Act was unconstitutional.\u00a0 [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/12pdf\/12-96_6k47.pdf\">Read the opinion here<\/a>.]\u00a0 Specifically, the Court found that Section 4 of the Act, which requires certain states&#8211;including Texas&#8211;to seek federal preclearance before modifying any voting practices was no longer necessary to remedy past discrimination.\u00a0\u00a0Although the Court realized that the Voting Rights Act was necessary in the past, and that it helped to close the gap between white and minority voter registration,\u00a0it noted that while times have changed, but the application of this law to 15 states has not.\u00a0 Chief Justice John Roberts explained that, &#8220;[o]ur country has changed, and while any racial discrimination in voting is too much, Congress must ensure that the legislation it passes to remedy that problem speaks to current conditions[.]&#8221;\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>What does this mean for Texas?<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 That remains to be seen.\u00a0 The Court invalidated Section 4, meaning that the preclearance requirement is not applicable to any state at this point.\u00a0 The Court, however,\u00a0indicated\u00a0that Congress could re-evaluate and revise Section 4 to apply to necessary states\u00a0based upon current conditions.\u00a0 So, for now, the preclearance requirement cannot be applied to Texas (or any other state), but the potential for Congress to revise and reinstate the requirement still exists.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In<strong><em> Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management<\/em><\/strong>, a local zoning authority denied Mr. Koontz&#8217;s permit application to develop a portion of his wetlands property in Florida, unless he agreed to\u00a0spend money in order to improve public lands\u00a0elsewhere.\u00a0 The litigation concerned not whether the zoning authority could legally\u00a0impose these conditions (a question that will be left to the trial court), but instead whether\u00a0the so-called <em>Nollan\/Dolan<\/em> nexis test applied to this case.\u00a0 The <em>Nollan\/Dolan<\/em> test requires that in order for a zoning board to impose conditions on the use of a person&#8217;s property, there must\u00a0be a nexus and rough proportionality between the condition and the proposed use.\u00a0 Normally, the conditions relate not to requiring payment of monies to improve other lands, but granting an easement on the land at issue.\u00a0 In this case,\u00a0the Supreme Court found that the <em>Nollan\/Dolan<\/em> analysis applied to these circumstances, even though the permit was denied and the condition was monetary.\u00a0 Essentially, this decision extended the reach of the\u00a0<em>Nollan\/Dolan<\/em> requirements.\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>So what does this mean for landowners?<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 When a zoning authority seeks to place conditions on a development permit, the <em>Nollan\/Dolan<\/em> test applies to determine whether these conditions go too far, regardless of whether the permit was granted or denied, and regardless of the type of conditions sought by the zoning authority.\u00a0 [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/12pdf\/11-1447_6j37.pdf\">Read the opinion here<\/a>.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In <strong><em>United States v. Windsor<\/em><\/strong>, the Court held that the federal Defense of Marriage Act (&#8220;DOMA&#8221;), which excluded same-sex couples from\u00a0being considered married under federal law,\u00a0was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause.\u00a0 Interestingly, the facts of this opinion involved the federal estate tax, which is often an issue for farmers and ranchers.\u00a0 Edith Windsor and Thea Spyer were married in Canada in 2007.\u00a0 The marriage was recognized by their home state of New York, which allows same-sex marriages.\u00a0 When\u00a0Ms. Spyer\u00a0died in 2009, she left her entire estate to Ms. Windsor.\u00a0\u00a0Ms. Windsor\u00a0sought to avoid paying federal estate taxes, arguing that the spousal exemption applied and such taxes were not applicable to Ms. Spyer&#8217;s estate.\u00a0 This exemption provides that no estate taxes are owed when one spouse leaves assets to another.\u00a0 The IRS refused to apply the exemption based on DOMA, and Ms.\u00a0Windsor paid $636,053 in estate taxes.\u00a0 She then filed this suit, challenging the constitutionality of DOMA.\u00a0 The Court sided with Ms.\u00a0Windsor, finding that where the State of New York recognized the marriage as\u00a0legal, the federal DOMA statute, which did not allow the marriage to be considered valid under federal law,\u00a0was unconstitutional.\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>The take-away?<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 The decision does not require states to recognize same-sex marriage as that issue was not before the Court.\u00a0 The decision does, however, prohibit a federal statute from defining marriage as a man and a woman, in contradiction to a state law allowing same-sex unions.\u00a0 As for the estate tax angle?\u00a0 Ms. Windsor will be\u00a0refunded the taxes that\u00a0she paid, as the spousal exemption is now\u00a0applicable.\u00a0 [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/12pdf\/12-307_g2bh.pdf\">Read the opinion here<\/a>.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A couple of interesting news articles caught my eye this week.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u00a0Duke University\u00a0study claims that fracking has contaminated water in Pennsylvania.\u00a0 Specifically, scientists claim that\u00a0there are high levels of natural gas found in drinking water near\u00a0drilling operations in the Marcellus Shale region.\u00a0 The study claims that levels of methane in water near drilling sites were up to\u00a0six times higher than levels in other areas.\u00a0\u00a0 [<a href=\"http:\/\/science.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/06\/24\/19117694-natural-gas-found-in-drinking-water-near-fracked-wells?lite\">Full story here<\/a>.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blue Mound\u00a0residents claim that water\u00a0bills have only increased\u00a0since Governor Perry vetoed a bill that would have allowed the city to have control over\u00a0its water system.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Currently, water for Blue Mound is owned by a private company, Monarch\u00a0Energy.\u00a0 Residents claim that water costs are excessive, in some instances three times the cost of water in nearby Ft. Worth.\u00a0 \u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/dfw.cbslocal.com\/2013\/06\/21\/gov-perrys-water-veto-causes-bills-to-surge-in-small-town\/ \">[Full story here<\/a>.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Texas has the largest population of feral hogs in the United States, with hogs reported in all except for one county.\u00a0 The Texas Department of Agriculture is\u00a0seeking grant applications from counties seeking to control the feral hog population.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The deadline to apply for the TDA grants is July 1.\u00a0 [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newschannel10.com\/story\/22697836\/battling-texas-feral-hog-population\">Full story here<\/a>.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** At the end of each week,\u00a0I will provide you with a weekly round up detailing various news stories and court decisions that may be of interest.\u00a0 This week, I have\u00a0included a\u00a0few of United States Supreme Court opinions that you have no doubt seen in the news (and one you may not have seen)\u00a0and a\u00a0couple of\u00a0news stories that caught my attention. This week, the United States Supreme Court released several opinions that will impact Texas or are&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/06\/27\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2443,"featured_media":100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-united-states-supreme-court-decisions","category-weekly-round-up"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>June 28, 2013 Weekly Round Up - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/06\/27\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"June 28, 2013 Weekly Round Up - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** At the end of each week,\u00a0I will provide you with a weekly round up detailing various news stories and court decisions that may be of interest.\u00a0 This week, I have\u00a0included a\u00a0few of United States Supreme Court opinions that you have no doubt seen in the news (and one you may not have seen)\u00a0and a\u00a0couple of\u00a0news stories that caught my attention. This week, the United States Supreme Court released several opinions that will impact Texas or are... Read More &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/06\/27\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-06-27T18:35:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-17T20:36:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/06\/supreme-court.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"746\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"517\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/06\\\/27\\\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/06\\\/27\\\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/754aac94b6e8c9d5829c91e8c9ff7626\"},\"headline\":\"June 28, 2013 Weekly Round Up\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-06-27T18:35:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-17T20:36:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/06\\\/27\\\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1033,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/06\\\/27\\\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/06\\\/supreme-court.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"United States Supreme Court Decisions\",\"Weekly Round Up\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/06\\\/27\\\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/06\\\/27\\\/june-28-2013-weekly-round-up-supreme-court-opinions-fracking-contamination-and-increased-water-bills\\\/\",\"name\":\"June 28, 2013 Weekly Round Up - 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This week, the United States Supreme Court released several opinions that will impact Texas or are... 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