{"id":430,"date":"2013-08-19T11:53:29","date_gmt":"2013-08-19T16:53:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=430"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:36:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:36:06","slug":"surface-owners-beware","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/","title":{"rendered":"Surface Owners Beware!"},"content":{"rendered":"

**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.**<\/span><\/p>\n

As the oil and gas boom continues across Texas, many surface owners are surprised at the rights that mineral lessees (usually oil or gas companies) have to use the surface of the land without any input, consent, or permission of the surface owner.\u00a0 It is critical for all landowners, but in particular for those surface owners who do not own the mineral rights underlying their property, to understand the\u00a0implied\u00a0rights\u00a0of mineral lessees.\u00a0 (For purposes of simplicity and clarity, the “mineral lessee” will be referred to as the “oil company.”)<\/p>\n

\"IMG_5725\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mineral Estate v. Surface<\/strong> Estate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Under Texas law, a mineral estate and a surface estate are two separate legal interests which may be severed.\u00a0 This means that\u00a0one person may own the surface estate and another own the mineral estate underlying the land. \u00a0This occurs most frequently when a landowner sells the surface estate to another, but reserves the mineral estate.\u00a0 If the mineral estate is not expressly reserved, it passes to the buyer during the sale.\u00a0 As between the mineral estate and surface estate, the mineral estate is the dominant estate.\u00a0 This means that the surface estate exists for the benefit of the mineral owner, and grants various rights to the mineral owner.<\/p>\n

Mineral Lessee’s Implied Right to Use the Surface Estate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

When an oil or gas company leases the mineral rights from a mineral owner, that company essentially stands in the shoes of the mineral owner.\u00a0 Thus, it has the right to use the surface estate.\u00a0 Under Texas law, this right allows\u00a0that oil company\u00a0 to use as much of the surface estate as is “reasonably necessary” for mineral exploration and production.\u00a0 This right is implied in the mineral lease and requires no permission or consent from the surface owner.<\/p>\n

What constitutes “reasonably necessary” uses?\u00a0 Some examples include entering the property, building roads, using caliche found on the leased property, installing pipelines to transport products from the lease, storing of equipment, and injecting saltwater in disposal wells.\u00a0 Further, absent contractual provisions to the contrary, an oil company can select the locations of wells and pipelines to be place on the property without input from the surface owner.<\/p>\n

Mineral Lessee’s\u00a0Use of Groundwater<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

When the mineral estate and the surface estate are severed and belong to two different owners, who owns the groundwater?\u00a0 The surface owner or the\u00a0mineral owner?<\/p>\n

Many landowners are surprised to know that groundwater is considered part of the surface estate, and not part of the mineral estate.\u00a0 Under Texas law, unless specified otherwise, the mineral estate consists only of\u00a0oil, gas, uranium, sulfur and salt. \u00a0Groundwater is part of the surface estate, even\u00a0though it is\u00a0located below the surface.\u00a0 Because of this, like the other portions of the surface estate, an oil company can use that amount of groundwater “reasonably necessary” to explore and produce minerals on the land.\u00a0 Generally, groundwater used for the exploration or drilling of oil does not require the oil company to obtain a permit from the local groundwater conservation district.\u00a0 Water used for production generally does fall within groundwater conservation district jurisdiction and requires a permit.\u00a0 Groundwater conservation districts in Texas are divided on their approach to applying this rule to water wells drilled for fracking.\u00a0 Some districts consider fracking to be production, thereby requiring a permit.\u00a0 Other districts consider fracking to fall within the exemption for exploration or drilling and require no permit.<\/p>\n

Liability for Damages to the Surface Estate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

So what happens if an oil company damages the surface estate?\u00a0 Can the surface owner sue the oil company?<\/p>\n

A surface owner’s rights are limited.\u00a0 The oil company is not liable for damages unless the surface owner can prove\u00a0one of the following:\u00a0 (1) the\u00a0oil company went beyond what was “reasonably necessary” for exploration and production;\u00a0(2) the company violated the accommodation doctrine; or (3)\u00a0the company caused injuries due to its negligence.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0 Reasonably Necessary<\/span>:\u00a0 Unreasonable or excessive use of the property will result in liability for the oil company.\u00a0 For example, if an oil company created a larger drill pad than necessary, it might be found to have acted unreasonably.\u00a0 Further, an oil company’s use of the surface of one leased property\u00a0to benefit land other than the leased premises is unreasonable.<\/p>\n

* Accommodation Doctrine<\/span>:\u00a0 This doctrine requires the oil company to accommodate the surface uses of the property where reasonably possible.\u00a0 In order for a surface owner to claim that a lessee failed to accommodate an existing use of the surface, he must prove that: \u00a0(1)\u00a0\u00a0The mineral owner’s actions “precludes or substantially impairs the existing use”;\u00a0(2) “There is no reasonable alternative method available to the surface owner by which the existing use can be continued”; and (3) There are reasonable alternatives available to the mineral lessee that will allow the discovery of minerals while also allowing the surface owner to continue his existing uses.\u00a0 A prior blog post discussed a recent accommodation doctrine case involving a Texas rancher against an oil company.\u00a0 To read that, click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0 Negligence<\/span>:\u00a0 Texas courts have refused to find negligence in numerous cases involving damage to the surface owner caused by an oil company.\u00a0 For example, courts have found that the failure to restore the surface at the end of drilling, the failure to prevent livestock from entering into the drilling area, and the draining of groundwater previously used for domestic use do not<\/span> constitute negligence for which the oil company can be held liable.\u00a0 Negligence has been found, however, in situations where an oil company polluted groundwater, caused subsidence, and disposed of salt water in an unlined pit.<\/p>\n

What Can\u00a0Surface Owners\u00a0Do To <\/strong>Protect<\/strong> Themselves?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The best option for a surface owner to protect himself is to\u00a0be involved in the negotiations of the mineral lease\u00a0 When the surface owner and mineral owner are the same person, it is easier to ensure that these terms are raised with the oil company.\u00a0 When the surface and minerals are owned by separate parties, however, these provisions may be overlooked by a mineral owner.\u00a0 It is important for a surface owner to seek to be involved in lease negotiations and to negotiate protections into a lease.\u00a0 This involvement is usually sought by reaching an agreement with the mineral owner that will allow for surface owner involvement in negotiations or an agreement that the mineral owner will require certain terms be include in all mineral leases.\u00a0 For example, a mineral lease could require that a surface owner and the mineral lessee mutually agree on the location of any wells or other drilling activities.\u00a0 A mineral lease could also require that at the conclusion of drilling, the surface estate must be placed back into the same condition that it was prior to drilling being commenced.\u00a0 A third option would be to include a liquidated damage clause in the lease that would require the oil company to pay a set amount at the beginning of the lease to cover surface damages.<\/p>\n

Another option is for a surface owner to work with the oil company leasing the minerals.\u00a0 Even though they are not required to do so, many oil companies will attempt to be neighborly and work with the surface owner to avoid conflicts.\u00a0 A surface owner may also seek an agreement as to surface-use with the oil company that leased the minerals.\u00a0 The oil company, however, is under no obligation to enter into this type of agreement.<\/p>\n

A third option may be for a surface owner to purchase all, or a portion of the undivided mineral estate underlying his land.\u00a0\u00a0If the surface owner becomes a mineral owner, this\u00a0may allow him to have some input into the negotiation of mineral leases.<\/p>\n

Finally, surface owners that reside in subdivisions or municipalities may be able to rely upon ordinances or deed restrictions issued by the subdivision or municipality to obtain some protection.<\/p>\n

More<\/strong> Information<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

For more information on these issues, I recommend the following publications:<\/p>\n

Judon Fambrough’s Real Estate Center publication titled “Minerals, Surface Rights and Royalty Payments” that can be found here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Texas\u00a0Railroad Commission paper titled, “Oil & Gas Exploration\u00a0and Surface Ownership” available here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A blog post by Texas attorney Eric Camp titled “Limitations on the Mineral Estate’s Use of the Surface” can be found here.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0*ADDITIONAL DISCLAIMER<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0This blog focuses solely on Texas law.\u00a0 For those readers from other states, the law in your jurisdiction may differ.\u00a0 It is\u00a0important that you consult an attorney licensed in your state before entering into any mineral lease.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** As the oil and gas boom continues across Texas, many surface owners are surprised at the rights that mineral lessees (usually oil or gas companies) have to use the surface of the land without any input, consent, or permission of the surface owner.\u00a0 It is critical for all landowners, but in particular for those surface owners who do not own the mineral rights underlying their property, to understand the\u00a0implied\u00a0rights\u00a0of mineral lessees.\u00a0 (For purposes of simplicity and… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2443,"featured_media":442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oil-and-gas-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSurface Owners Beware! - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Surface Owners Beware! - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** As the oil and gas boom continues across Texas, many surface owners are surprised at the rights that mineral lessees (usually oil or gas companies) have to use the surface of the land without any input, consent, or permission of the surface owner.\u00a0 It is critical for all landowners, but in particular for those surface owners who do not own the mineral rights underlying their property, to understand the\u00a0implied\u00a0rights\u00a0of mineral lessees.\u00a0 (For purposes of simplicity and... Read More →\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-08-19T16:53:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-17T20:36:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/08\/IMG_5725.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"185\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"60\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/754aac94b6e8c9d5829c91e8c9ff7626\"},\"headline\":\"Surface Owners Beware!\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-08-19T16:53:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-17T20:36:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1435,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/IMG_5725.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Oil and Gas Law\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/\",\"name\":\"Surface Owners Beware! - Texas Agriculture Law\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/IMG_5725.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-08-19T16:53:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-17T20:36:06+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/IMG_5725.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/IMG_5725.jpeg\",\"width\":185,\"height\":60},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/19\\\/surface-owners-beware\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Surface Owners Beware!\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/\",\"name\":\"Texas Agriculture Law\",\"description\":\"Teaching, Research, Extension and Service\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Texas Agriculture Law\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Texas Agriculture Law\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/texasaglaw\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/tiffdowell\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/tiffany-dowell-lashmet-0a718778\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/754aac94b6e8c9d5829c91e8c9ff7626\",\"name\":\"tiffany.dowelllashmet\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/author\\\/tiffany-dowelllashmet\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Surface Owners Beware! - Texas Agriculture Law","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Surface Owners Beware! - Texas Agriculture Law","og_description":"**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** As the oil and gas boom continues across Texas, many surface owners are surprised at the rights that mineral lessees (usually oil or gas companies) have to use the surface of the land without any input, consent, or permission of the surface owner.\u00a0 It is critical for all landowners, but in particular for those surface owners who do not own the mineral rights underlying their property, to understand the\u00a0implied\u00a0rights\u00a0of mineral lessees.\u00a0 (For purposes of simplicity and... Read More →","og_url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/","og_site_name":"Texas Agriculture Law","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw","article_published_time":"2013-08-19T16:53:29+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-17T20:36:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":185,"height":60,"url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/08\/IMG_5725.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"tiffany.dowelllashmet","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@tiffdowell","twitter_site":"@tiffdowell","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"tiffany.dowelllashmet","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","BlogPosting"],"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/"},"author":{"name":"tiffany.dowelllashmet","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/person\/754aac94b6e8c9d5829c91e8c9ff7626"},"headline":"Surface Owners Beware!","datePublished":"2013-08-19T16:53:29+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-17T20:36:06+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/"},"wordCount":1435,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/08\/IMG_5725.jpeg","articleSection":["Oil and Gas Law"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/","name":"Surface Owners Beware! - Texas Agriculture Law","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/08\/IMG_5725.jpeg","datePublished":"2013-08-19T16:53:29+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-17T20:36:06+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/08\/IMG_5725.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/08\/IMG_5725.jpeg","width":185,"height":60},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/19\/surface-owners-beware\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Surface Owners Beware!"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#website","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/","name":"Texas Agriculture Law","description":"Teaching, Research, Extension and Service","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#organization","name":"Texas Agriculture Law","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2023\/12\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2023\/12\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"Texas Agriculture Law"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw","https:\/\/x.com\/tiffdowell","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/tiffany-dowell-lashmet-0a718778\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/person\/754aac94b6e8c9d5829c91e8c9ff7626","name":"tiffany.dowelllashmet","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/author\/tiffany-dowelllashmet\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2443"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=430"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16106,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430\/revisions\/16106"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}