{"id":366,"date":"2013-08-12T17:32:47","date_gmt":"2013-08-12T22:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=366"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:36:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:36:07","slug":"texas-water-wars-oklahoma-victorious-over-texas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/12\/texas-water-wars-oklahoma-victorious-over-texas\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Water Wars: Oklahoma Victorious Over Texas"},"content":{"rendered":"

**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.**<\/span><\/p>\n

We are moving on to the second of our three part Texas Water Wars blog\u00a0series today.\u00a0 As you recall,\u00a0last Monday the blog <\/a>focused on the dispute over a 1944 treaty between Mexico and the United States.\u00a0 Today, we turn our attention north and look at the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Tarrant Regional Water Board v. Herrmann<\/em>.<\/p>\n

As Justice Sonya Sotomayor pointed out, there is a long history of battles involving the Red River–a Civil War campaign, the mobilization of state militias in the 1920’s, and a yearly college football rivalry that packs the Cotton Bowl with Sooners and Longhorns.\u00a0 This Red River battle pitted the state of Oklahoma against a\u00a0Texas water district.<\/p>\n

\"river<\/a><\/p>\n

The Lawsuit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The Tarrant County Regional Water District\u00a0is a state agency charged with providing water to north-central Texas, including Fort Worth and Arlington.\u00a0 After evaluating various long-term water solutions to cope with the area\u2019s growing population, Tarrant determined that it would seek to obtain water from Oklahoma in order to serve its customers\u2019 needs. \u00a0\u00a0Thus, Tarrant sought a permit to acquire 310,000 acre feet per year of surface water from a Red River tributary in Oklahoma.<\/p>\n

A problem existed for Tarrant, however.\u00a0 Oklahoma laws effectively prevent any out of state applicant from obtaining a permit to acquire water in Oklahoma.\u00a0 Knowing that its permit would be denied, Tarrant filed suit in federal court.\u00a0Tarrant argued that the Red River Compact (a 1978 agreement between Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas that allocates water between the states) allowed Texas the right to enter into Oklahoma and divert water from a specific tributary to the Red River.\u00a0 Tarrant believed that the Compact gave Texas the right to 25% of the water in the Reason II, Sub-basin 5 tributary, which is located within the geographic bounds of Oklahoma.\u00a0 Oklahoma took the opposite position, arguing that nothing in the Compact allowed Texas to enter into Oklahoma and remove water from within its borders. Both the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma and the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit dismissed Tarrant\u2019s claims.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Supreme Court Decision<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

During oral argument, held in April, Justice Samuel Alito hinted at the Court’s concern over the idea that one state could enter the bounds of another state and obtain water with the following comment made to counsel for Tarrant:\u00a0\u00a0“I mean, it sounds like they are going to send in the National Guard or the Texas Rangers.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0In the end, the United States Supreme Court announced that the battle went to Oklahoma.\u00a0 [Read the full opinion here<\/a>.]\u00a0 In the unanimous decision, the Court ruled that a Texas water district could not enter into Oklahoma to divert water from the Red River to serve the area around Forth Worth.<\/p>\n

The Supreme Court found that the Red River Compact was ambiguous as to whether Texas was permitted to enter into Oklahoma and divert water from this portion of the Red River.\u00a0 Where a contract is ambiguous, courts then look to other, extrinsic, evidence to determine the intent of the parties.\u00a0 \u00a0In this case, that evidence favored Oklahoma for three reasons.<\/p>\n

First, states do not easily give up their sovereign powers, and when the do so, it is usually expressly stated.\u00a0 The Court refused to believe that the silence on this issue in the Red River Compact could be construed against Oklahoma sovereignty.<\/p>\n

Second, other treatises contain language expressly allowing one state entry into another to acquire water.\u00a0 The absence of such language in the Red River Compact also weighed against Texas\u2019 argument, and indicated to the Court that the right to enter and acquire water from another state was not intended by the Compact.<\/p>\n

Finally, Tarrant\u2019s own conduct cut against its arguments.\u00a0 For two years, from 2000-2002, Tarrant offered by buy water from Oklahoma, but negotiations were unsuccessful and abandoned.\u00a0 If Tarrant believed it had a legal right to the water, it would not have attempted to purchase it from Oklahoma.\u00a0 Further, neither Texas, nor any of the other states involved, sought to cross the Oklahoma border and acquire water from the Red River.\u00a0\u00a0 This implied that the states did not believe that such a right existed under the Compact.<\/p>\n

In light of this, the Court held that the Red River Compact does not create any cross-border rights that would allow Texas to obtain water from Oklahoma.\u00a0 Tarrant\u2019s lawsuit, therefore, was dismissed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Although Oklahoma won this batter, the war may continue.\u00a0 Tarrant will still be seeking ways to locate a long-term water solution for the growing population near Fort Worth.\u00a0 The Supreme Court pointed out that under the Compact, Texas could request an accounting of the water in Reason II, Sub-basin 5 that is being used by Oklahoma and, if that use exceeds the 25% allowed by the Compact, Oklahoma could be forced to discontinue such use.\u00a0 For now, however, Oklahoma is claiming victory in this 6-year long Red River battle against Texas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** We are moving on to the second of our three part Texas Water Wars blog\u00a0series today.\u00a0 As you recall,\u00a0last Monday the blog focused on the dispute over a 1944 treaty between Mexico and the United States.\u00a0 Today, we turn our attention north and look at the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Tarrant Regional Water Board v. Herrmann. As Justice Sonya Sotomayor pointed out, there is a long history of battles involving the Red River–a Civil… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-texas-water-wars","category-united-states-supreme-court-decisions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTexas Water Wars: Oklahoma Victorious Over Texas - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/08\/12\/texas-water-wars-oklahoma-victorious-over-texas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Texas Water Wars: Oklahoma Victorious Over Texas - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** We are moving on to the second of our three part Texas Water Wars blog\u00a0series today.\u00a0 As you recall,\u00a0last Monday the blog focused on the dispute over a 1944 treaty between Mexico and the United States.\u00a0 Today, we turn our attention north and look at the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Tarrant Regional Water Board v. 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