{"id":2950,"date":"2015-11-02T01:53:31","date_gmt":"2015-11-02T07:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=2950"},"modified":"2015-08-14T14:41:44","modified_gmt":"2015-08-14T19:41:44","slug":"texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice"},"content":{"rendered":"

In Part 1 of this series, I offered a detailed outline and explanation of the Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (“the Act”). \u00a0Today, we will review Texas appellate cases that have applied the Act to see how the statute plays out in real life. \u00a0As the Act is relatively new, originally passed in 1995, there are not a huge number of opinions analyzing this statute.<\/p>\n

\"15433_709106947002_6497059_n\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dodge v. Durdin, Johnson v. Smith, Young v. McKim<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The first group of cases we will consider are those analyzing whether the Act’s limited liability protections apply to defendants when the injured plaintiff is an employee or an independent contractor.<\/p>\n

In\u00a0Dodge v. Durdin<\/em>, 187 S.W.3d 523 (Tex. Ct. App. – Houston 1st Dist. 2002), a stable employee was kicked in the abdomen\u00a0while providing oral medication to a horse, she filed suit against her employer. \u00a0Defendants claimed limited liability under the Act. \u00a0The 1st District Court of Appeals in Houston held that the Act’s limited liability did not apply when the injured person was an employee of the defendant. The court reasoned that although the language of the Act did not expressly exclude employees, it implied that they should not be covered. \u00a0Further, the legislative discussion behind the Act focused on liability of operators to consumers and tourists, not employees. \u00a0“We hold that the Equine Act applies to consumers and not employees.”<\/p>\n

In both\u00a0Johnson v. Smith, <\/em>88 S.W.3d 729 (Tex. Ct. App. – Corpus Christi 2002)\u00a0and\u00a0Young v. McKim<\/em>, 373 S.W.3d 776 (Tex. Ct. App. – Houston 14th Dist. 2012), appellate courts found that the Act did apply to limit liability where the injured party was an independent contractor of the operator. \u00a0In Johnson<\/em>, an independent contractor in charge of breeding stallions was bitten in the face as he was leading a stallion to pasture. \u00a0In\u00a0Young<\/em>, an independent contractor who was hired as a caretaker for a horse was kicked. \u00a0The courts held that limited liability applied in both instances.<\/p>\n

Also of note, the\u00a0Johnson<\/em> court held an issue of fact existed as to whether an exception to this liability applied in this case. \u00a0The court determined that factual questions existed as to whether the horse owner reasonably determined the ability of the plaintiff to safely engage in the activity at issue or whether the horse owner acted willfully in failing to warn the independent contractor. \u00a0The facts leading to this decision were that the stallion who injured the plaintiff was kept separately, the other employees were afraid of the horse, and threat the stallion was extremely and increasingly aggressive. \u00a0Evidence showed that he lunged at people who got near him and were not handled much. \u00a0Thus, this question was referred back for a jury trial.<\/p>\n

Lo<\/i><\/b>ftin v. Lee,\u00a0341 S.W.3d 352 (Tex. 2011)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ms. Lee visited her friend Ms. Loftin and the two rode horses belonging to Loftin. \u00a0Lee raised horses, but did not have significant riding experience. \u00a0Loftin put Lee on a 12 year old horse and while the two were riding through a muddy, wooded area, a vine touched Lee’s horse’s flank, causing him to bolt. \u00a0Lee fell off and fractured a vertebrae. \u00a0Lee and her husband sued Loftin. \u00a0Loftin claimed no liability under the Act.<\/p>\n

The Texas Supreme Court considered two issues on appeal, eventually siding with the defendant.<\/p>\n

First, the Court considered the definition of “inherent risk” as used in the Act. \u00a0The court explained that the statute reflects an “expansive view” of inherent risk. \u00a0The examples listed in the statute cover a broad range of situations and are not exclusive. \u00a0The plaintiff argued that “inherent risk” includes only those risks due to innate animal behavior, not those risks involved in the riding activity. \u00a0Under this theory, she argued, her injury was caused not by an inherent risk of riding a horse, but instead by Loftin’s negligence in selecting a bad trail and failing to adequately assess plaintiff’s skill level. \u00a0The Supreme Court disagreed. \u00a0“The Act simply cannot be fairly read to limit inherent risks to those which are unavoidably associated with equine behavior. \u00a0Construed so narrowly, the Act would accomplish nothing.” \u00a0Further, the fact that the risk could have been avoided by choosing another trail did not prevent the limited liability from applying to Loftin.<\/p>\n

Second, the Court considered whether limited liability was available if a defendant filed to adequately assess a person’s ability to participate in an equine activity if that assessment did not cause the injury. \u00a0Lee argued that the exception to liability in Section 87.004(2) applied in this case, namely, that Loftin did not make a reasonable effort to determine Lee’s ability to safely engage in the activity and safely manage the animal. \u00a0The Supreme Court held that this exception applies only where the failure to make such effort was the cause of the injury. \u00a0 In this case, the horse being spooked by a vine could have happened to a novice or experienced rider, so the exception did not apply and Loftin was entitled to limited liability.<\/p>\n

Also of note, the Court considered how thorough of an inquiry must be made to determine a rider’s ability to participate safely and safely manage a horse. \u00a0The Court held that the Act “does not require a formal, searching injury.” \u00a0Here, the fact that Loftin knew Lee raised horses for years, had no trouble mounting the horse, and seemed to be getting along fine on the ride was sufficient.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Hilz v. Riedel, 2012 WL 2135648 (Tex. Ct. App. – Ft. Worth June 14, 2012) (unreported)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Here, a 12 year old girl was injured while riding horses at a friend’s house. \u00a0The injured child’s father claimed that when he dropped the girl off, he warned the horse owner that he should not let her ride out into the pasture alone. \u00a0The horse owner claims these instructions were never given. \u00a0The child was thrown off of the 15 year old horse she was riding and impaled by a tree limb. \u00a0Her father filed suit and the horse owner claimed the Act applied.<\/p>\n

The Ft. Worth Court of Appeals found there was a genuine issue of fact here as to whether the horse owner made a reasonable and prudent effort to determine the child’s ability to participate in the activity. \u00a0The owner testified that he asked her father about her riding abilities and observed her in the round pen for 30 minutes before allowing her to leave the pen. \u00a0On the other hand, however, the father said that he told the owner not to let her ride outside of the pen. \u00a0Because of these factual issues, the case was remanded back for trial.<\/p>\n

Little v. Needham, 236 S.W.3d 328 (Tex. Ct. App. – Houston 1st Dist. 2007)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The plaintiff was injured when the horse she was riding at a stable collided with a tree. \u00a0She filed suit against the stable owners, who sought summary judgment arguing they were not subject to liability because of the Act. \u00a0In a fairly straight-forward application of the statute, the court sided with the stable owners. \u00a0Here, the injury related to the propensity of a horse to act in a way that may cause injury. \u00a0The plaintiff argued that the defendants acted with wanton and willful disregard because they had never owned a horse facility before and did not conduct a safety inspection. \u00a0The court found this was simply not wanton and willful actions–which are those showing a conscious indifference to the welfare of the injured person. \u00a0Thus, summary judgment was granted to the defendants and the plaintiff’s claims were dismissed.<\/p>\n

Gamble v. Peyton, 182 S.W. 1 (Tex. Ct. App. – Beaumont 2005)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

A rider brought suit against a landowner when a horse she was riding was stung by fire ants, causing her to be bucked off and injured. \u00a0Defendants claimed no liability pursuant to the Act. \u00a0The court sided with the defendants, finding that an animal bite causing a horse to buck was an inherent risk of an equine activity. \u00a0Further, the court held that the fire ants were not proof of an unreasonably dangerous condition on the land such that the exception in Section 87.004(3) would apply. \u00a0Further, even if they were a latent condition, the landowner’s comment to the plaintiff that he was having trouble with a lot of ants that year was sufficient warning to her of the condition to satisfy the requirements of that exception. \u00a0Finally, the court held that because the landowner was not an “equine professional” as described by the statute, he was not required to post warning signs on his property. \u00a0Thus, the plaintiff’s claims were dismissed.<\/p>\n

Take Away Points<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

First, this is merely common sense, but anyone owning farm animals should take care at all times, regardless of legal liability implications, to ensure the safety of the animals and all participants involved with any farm animal activity or livestock show. \u00a0Extra care will often avoid an injury and abrogate the need for the intricacies of the Act to come into play.<\/p>\n

Second, all persons owning farm animals that are covered by the Act need to be aware of the Act’s provisions and take care to comply. \u00a0This includes carefully reviewing the exceptions to the Act’s coverage found in Section 87.004 and ensuring no actions taken would fit under this exception. \u00a0Further, all farm animal professionals and livestock show sponsors need to ensure they have placed the required warning signage in designated areas and include such language in all contracts pursuant to Section 87.005.<\/p>\n

Third, I recommend that farm animal owners obtain waivers from participants in farm animal activities. \u00a0These waivers, while certainly not a fool-proof solution to liability, may be useful in defending against claims made if a person is injured.<\/p>\n

Finally, it is critical that all farm animal operators carry adequate insurance, both in breadth and amount of coverage. \u00a0Carefully review your insurance policy with your agent to ensure it applies to all likely claims, including injuries to persons, injury to employees or independent contractors, injury to other animals, and injury to your own animals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Part 1 of this series, I offered a detailed outline and explanation of the Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (“the Act”). \u00a0Today, we will review Texas appellate cases that have applied the Act to see how the statute plays out in real life. \u00a0As the Act is relatively new, originally passed in 1995, there are not a huge number of opinions analyzing this statute. Dodge v. Durdin, Johnson v. Smith, Young v. McKim The first group of cases we will consider are those analyzing whether the Act’s… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":908,"featured_media":757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-farm-animal-liability-act","category-landowner-liability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTexas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Part 1 of this series, I offered a detailed outline and explanation of the Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (“the Act”). \u00a0Today, we will review Texas appellate cases that have applied the Act to see how the statute plays out in real life. \u00a0As the Act is relatively new, originally passed in 1995, there are not a huge number of opinions analyzing this statute. Dodge v. Durdin, Johnson v. Smith, Young v. McKim The first group of cases we will consider are those analyzing whether the Act’s... Read More →\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-11-02T07:53:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"604\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"453\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany.dowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany.dowell\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany.dowell\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5a74ee89edef25309731e344599924ee\"},\"headline\":\"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-02T07:53:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1679,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Farm Animal Liability Act\",\"Landowner Liability\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/\",\"name\":\"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice - Texas Agriculture Law\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-02T07:53:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg\",\"width\":604,\"height\":453},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/02\\\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/\",\"name\":\"Texas Agriculture Law\",\"description\":\"Teaching, Research, Extension and Service\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Texas Agriculture Law\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Texas Agriculture Law\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/texasaglaw\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/tiffdowell\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/tiffany-dowell-lashmet-0a718778\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5a74ee89edef25309731e344599924ee\",\"name\":\"tiffany.dowell\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/author\\\/tiffany-dowell\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice - Texas Agriculture Law","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice - Texas Agriculture Law","og_description":"In Part 1 of this series, I offered a detailed outline and explanation of the Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (“the Act”). \u00a0Today, we will review Texas appellate cases that have applied the Act to see how the statute plays out in real life. \u00a0As the Act is relatively new, originally passed in 1995, there are not a huge number of opinions analyzing this statute. Dodge v. Durdin, Johnson v. Smith, Young v. McKim The first group of cases we will consider are those analyzing whether the Act’s... Read More →","og_url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/","og_site_name":"Texas Agriculture Law","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw","article_published_time":"2015-11-02T07:53:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":604,"height":453,"url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"tiffany.dowell","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@tiffdowell","twitter_site":"@tiffdowell","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"tiffany.dowell","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","BlogPosting"],"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/"},"author":{"name":"tiffany.dowell","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/person\/5a74ee89edef25309731e344599924ee"},"headline":"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice","datePublished":"2015-11-02T07:53:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/"},"wordCount":1679,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg","articleSection":["Farm Animal Liability Act","Landowner Liability"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/","name":"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice - Texas Agriculture Law","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg","datePublished":"2015-11-02T07:53:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/15433_709106947002_6497059_n.jpg","width":604,"height":453},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/11\/02\/texas-farm-animal-liability-act-part-ii-examples-and-advice\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Texas Farm Animal Liability Act (Part II): Examples and Advice"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#website","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/","name":"Texas Agriculture Law","description":"Teaching, Research, Extension and Service","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#organization","name":"Texas Agriculture Law","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2023\/12\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2023\/12\/TZIFRg5K_400x400.jpg","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"Texas Agriculture Law"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw","https:\/\/x.com\/tiffdowell","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/tiffany-dowell-lashmet-0a718778\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/person\/5a74ee89edef25309731e344599924ee","name":"tiffany.dowell","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/author\/tiffany-dowell\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/908"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2950\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}