{"id":2675,"date":"2015-03-23T01:51:30","date_gmt":"2015-03-23T06:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=2675"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:30:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:30:37","slug":"texas-landowner-liability-part-iii-recreational-use-statute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/03\/23\/texas-landowner-liability-part-iii-recreational-use-statute\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Landowner Liability Part III:  Recreational Use Statute"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There is an important statute that limits liability of certain property owners who open their land up for recreational uses. \u00a0Understanding that the vast majority of Texas land is privately owned, and hoping to encourage landowners to allow recreation on their land, the Texas Legislature passed the Recreational Use Statute. \u00a0This statute may be found at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us\/Docs\/CP\/htm\/CP.75.htm\">Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 75<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2690\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2015\/02\/recreational.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2690\" class=\"wp-image-2690 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2015\/02\/recreational-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2015\/02\/recreational-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2015\/02\/recreational.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2690\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo via Britt Fisk Photography<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Essentially, where the statute applies, the landowner, lessee, or occupier owes the plaintiff the same duty as a trespasser&#8211;meaning that the landowner, lessee, or occupier may not intentionally injure or act in gross negligence. \u00a0As explained by the statute, the statute does not apply to acts of gross negligence, bad faith, or malicious intent. \u00a0No additional duty (such as those owed to trespassers or licensees) apply. \u00a0The following elements must be met in order for the Recreational Use Statute to apply.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>1.\u00a0Defendant is the owner, lessee or occupier of\u00a0agricultural land or &#8220;real property other than agricultural land.&#8221; \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First, the statute offers protection not only to landowners, but also to lessees and occupiers of land.<\/p>\n<p>Next, as you can see, essentially, the statute applies to all real property. \u00a0The level of protection, however, is the greatest for agricultural land. \u00a0For example, for agricultural land, the statute applies to all persons given permission or invited to enter the premises for recreation. \u00a0For land other than agricultural land, the statute applies only to those given permission to enter the land for recreation, not those expressly invited to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Agricultural land is defined as land &#8220;suitable for&#8221; use in the production of plants and fruits grown for human or animal consumption, or plants grown for the production of fibers, floriculture, viticulture, horticulture, or planting seed; domestic or native farm or ranch animals kept for use or profit; or forestry and the growing of trees for the purpose of rendering those trees into lumber, fiber or other items used for industrial, commercial, or personal consumption.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>2. \u00a0The plaintiff enters the property for a recreational purpose.<\/em> \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recreation is broadly defined as including &#8220;any activity related to enjoying the outdoors.&#8221; \u00a0This includes hunting, fishing, swimming, boating, camping, the use of ATVs, water skiing, biking, and hiking. \u00a0Court decisions have also found swinging on a swing set, golfing, and playing sand volleyball to constitute recreation. \u00a0The courts have found this not to include outdoor weddings.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>3. \u00a0The plaintiff meets one of the three monetary options:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) The landowner, lessee, or occupier charges no fee to the plaintiff.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) The fee charged by the landowner is less than 20 times the amount of \u00a0ad valorem taxes paid by the landowner last year.<\/em> \u00a0This language sounds more complex than it really is. \u00a0A landowner just needs to add up the total income from recreational uses for the last calendar year. \u00a0Next, the landowner would add up the total paid on ad valorem taxes for all his or her property (both that where recreation occurred and all other property owned by the landowner) last year. \u00a0So long as the amount received for recreation is not twenty times greater than the amount paid for taxes, the landowner is protected by this prong of the statute.<\/p>\n<p><em>(c) The landowner, lessee, or occupier of agricultural land maintains insurance coverage as defined by statute.<\/em>\u00a0 Note, initially, that this prong of the test is available only to agricultural landowners, lessees, and occupiers. \u00a0The minimum coverage amount is defined by statute as 500,000 for each person, 1 million for each single occurrence of bodily injury or death, and $100,000 for each single occurrence of injury or destruction of property. \u00a0An added benefit is available to agricultural landowners, lessees, or occupiers who meet this &#8220;adequate insurance&#8221; requirement. \u00a0The statute provides a cap for damages equal to the insurance coverage that the plaintiff can recover. \u00a0That this means is that an agricultural landowner, lessee, or occupier maintaining &#8220;adequate insurance&#8221; would not be required to pay over the insurance coverage to a plaintiff.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the statute offers one additional protection for agricultural land. \u00a0The statute provides that no trespasser over the age of 16 can bring an attractive nuisance lawsuit for injuries on agricultural land used for recreation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>What Should Landowners Do?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Any landowner, lessee, or occupier of land who allows persons to enter his or her land for recreational use should be aware of this statute and ensure that they are covered. \u00a0Additionally, because of the liability cap offered to those owners of agricultural land, I highly recommend that landowners consider carrying the minimum amount of insurance listed in part (3)(c) above.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is an important statute that limits liability of certain property owners who open their land up for recreational uses. \u00a0Understanding that the vast majority of Texas land is privately owned, and hoping to encourage landowners to allow recreation on their land, the Texas Legislature passed the Recreational Use Statute. \u00a0This statute may be found at Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 75. &nbsp; Essentially, where the statute applies, the landowner, lessee, or occupier owes the plaintiff the same duty as a trespasser&#8211;meaning that the landowner, lessee, or&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/03\/23\/texas-landowner-liability-part-iii-recreational-use-statute\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":2690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landowner-liability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Texas Landowner Liability Part III: Recreational Use Statute - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2015\/03\/23\/texas-landowner-liability-part-iii-recreational-use-statute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Texas Landowner Liability Part III: Recreational Use Statute - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There is an important statute that limits liability of certain property owners who open their land up for recreational uses. \u00a0Understanding that the vast majority of Texas land is privately owned, and hoping to encourage landowners to allow recreation on their land, the Texas Legislature passed the Recreational Use Statute. \u00a0This statute may be found at Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 75. &nbsp; Essentially, where the statute applies, the landowner, lessee, or occupier owes the plaintiff the same duty as a trespasser&#8211;meaning that the landowner, lessee, or... 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