{"id":2299,"date":"2014-11-19T01:36:31","date_gmt":"2014-11-19T07:36:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=2299"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:31:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:31:29","slug":"utah-federal-court-imposes-limit-on-endangered-species-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/11\/19\/utah-federal-court-imposes-limit-on-endangered-species-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Utah Federal Court Imposes Limit on Endangered Species Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A federal district judge in Utah issued an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.endangeredspecieslawandpolicy.com\/files\/2014\/11\/PETPO-ruling4.pdf\">important opinion<\/a> earlier this month.\u00a0 The court struck down federal regulation of\u00a0the Utah prairie dog\u00a0pursuant to the Endangered Species Act, finding that the federal government lacked the power to regulate the prairie dog that is found only in the state of Utah.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Background on Congressional Powers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Now, for a brief Constitutional Law lesson.\u00a0 The general rule is that the federal government is one of limited and enumerated powers, meaning they are\u00a0given only those powers expressly enumerated by the United States Constitution.\u00a0 Thus, if federal government action does not fall within one of the powers expressly granted to that branch of government, the action is unlawful.\u00a0 One of the most broad and most frequently used powers granted to the United States Congress is the power to regulate interstate commerce.\u00a0 Under this power, Congress has the ability to pass laws that\u00a0substantially\u00a0affect\u00a0interstate commerce.\u00a0 The Endangered Species Act, passed in 1973, was based upon Congress&#8217; commerce clause power.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2014\/01\/Capitol.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1147 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2014\/01\/Capitol-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Capitol\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2014\/01\/Capitol-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2014\/01\/Capitol-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Lawsuit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Utah prairie dog is an animal living exclusively in southwestern Utah.\u00a0 It\u00a0is a\u00a0&#8220;threatened&#8221; species under the Endangered Species Act, meaning that a &#8220;take&#8221; of the animal is prohibited by law.\u00a0 This prohibits persons from killing, harassing, harming, and even disturbing the habitat of the prairie dog.\u00a0 In 1984, pursuant to the Act, the US Fish and Wildlife Service passed a special Section 4(d) rule, allowing &#8220;takes&#8221; of the prairie dog only in limited circumstances.\u00a0Landowners living in the habitat of the animal in Southern Utah claim they have been overrun by the prairie dogs, who have damaged property, golf courses, and cemeteries.\u00a0 Landowners have been unable to develop their property due to the prairie dogs listing under the Endangered Species Act.<\/p>\n<p>People for the Ethical Treatment of Property Owners (PETPO) filed suit challenging the federal Endangered Species Act regulations of the Utah prairie dog.\u00a0 Specifically, this group of Utah landowners argued that because the prairie dog is found only in a small area of Utah and has no commercial value, it has no relation to\u00a0interstate commerce and\u00a0federal regulations were invalid as they rested upon no enumerated power.\u00a0 The federal government, they argued, does not have the power to regulate purely interstate activity pursuant to the power to regulate interstate commerce.<\/p>\n<p>The government argued three main points:\u00a0 (1)\u00a0the rule has a substantial effect on interstate commerce because many of the proposed activities barred by the rule are economic in nature; (2) because the prairie dog has biological and commercial value by serving as prey for other animals and drawing some tourists to Utah, any take of the animal has a substantial effect on interstate commerce; and (3) the Necessary and Proper clause of the constitution allows the rule prohibiting take of the species because the regulation of the prairie dog is essential to the scheme of the Endangered Species Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Ruling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Despite the fact that every federal circuit court that has heard similar cases have upheld the power of the federal government, the court in this case sided with PETPO.\u00a0 The court found there to be no connection to interstate commerce and no express findings that the prairie dog has any effects on interstate commerce.\u00a0 The court held that the regulations protecting the animal had no impact on interstate commerce, and refused to consider the government&#8217;s argument that because the prohibited actions&#8211;like building houses or developing land&#8211;impacted interstate commerce, the power existed.\u00a0 The proper focus, said the court, is on the regulated activity&#8211;here, the take of the prairie dog.\u00a0 Further, although the court admitted that the animal may have a substantial effect on the ecosystem, there was not evidence that it affected interstate commerce or had value in interstate commerce.\u00a0 The mere fact that some tourists might visit to see prairie dogs or that books had been published on the prairie dog was insufficient to prove a substantial effect on interstate commerce.\u00a0 Finally, the court rejected the government&#8217;s necessary and proper clause argument, finding that the regulation of this single animal was not necessary to the larger economic scheme under the Endangered Species Act.\u00a0 In summary, the court held that &#8220;although the Commerce Clause authorizes Congress to do many things, it does not authorize Congress to regulate takes of a purely intrastate species that has no substantial effect on interstate commerce.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Why Do We Care?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This case is the first time a federal court has limited the Endangered Species Act in this manner.\u00a0 If upheld on appeal (which the government will likely file), this case could serve as persuasive authority in other cases dealing with the scope and reach of the Endangered Species Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Additional Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Additional information on this decision may be found <a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/volokh-conspiracy\/wp\/2014\/11\/05\/district-court-strikes-down-endangered-species-protections-for-exceeding-the-scope-of-federal-power\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/evan-bernick\/federal-judge-no-congress_b_6121078.html\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.pacificlegal.org\/2014\/victory-plf-people-ethical-treatment-property-owners-defeat-unconstitutional-endangered-species-act-regulation\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A federal district judge in Utah issued an important opinion earlier this month.\u00a0 The court struck down federal regulation of\u00a0the Utah prairie dog\u00a0pursuant to the Endangered Species Act, finding that the federal government lacked the power to regulate the prairie dog that is found only in the state of Utah. Background on Congressional Powers Now, for a brief Constitutional Law lesson.\u00a0 The general rule is that the federal government is one of limited and enumerated powers, meaning they are\u00a0given only those powers expressly enumerated by the United States&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/11\/19\/utah-federal-court-imposes-limit-on-endangered-species-act\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2443,"featured_media":1147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endangered-species-act"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Utah Federal Court Imposes Limit on Endangered Species Act - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/11\/19\/utah-federal-court-imposes-limit-on-endangered-species-act\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Utah Federal Court Imposes Limit on Endangered Species Act - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A federal district judge in Utah issued an important opinion earlier this month.\u00a0 The court struck down federal regulation of\u00a0the Utah prairie dog\u00a0pursuant to the Endangered Species Act, finding that the federal government lacked the power to regulate the prairie dog that is found only in the state of Utah. Background on Congressional Powers Now, for a brief Constitutional Law lesson.\u00a0 The general rule is that the federal government is one of limited and enumerated powers, meaning they are\u00a0given only those powers expressly enumerated by the United States... 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Background on Congressional Powers Now, for a brief Constitutional Law lesson.\u00a0 The general rule is that the federal government is one of limited and enumerated powers, meaning they are\u00a0given only those powers expressly enumerated by the United States... 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