{"id":1753,"date":"2014-07-20T13:38:21","date_gmt":"2014-07-20T18:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=1753"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:32:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:32:05","slug":"judge-upholds-constitutionality-of-indianas-right-to-farm-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/07\/20\/judge-upholds-constitutionality-of-indianas-right-to-farm-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Judge Upholds Constitutionality of Indiana’s Right to Farm Law"},"content":{"rendered":"

Last week, an Indiana trial court upheld the constitutionality of the state’s right to farm statute\u00a0 Amrstrong v. Maxwell Farms of Indiana Inc.<\/em> [Read opinion here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

\"pigs<\/a><\/p>\n

Background<\/strong><\/p>\n

The farm property at issue has been used continuously as a farm since the early 1900’s.\u00a0Gary Foulke owns the property and the finishing barn sitting upon it.\u00a0 Maxwell Farms began placing hogs in Foulke’s barn in June 2007.\u00a0 Foulke then finished out the hogs, caring for them from the time they weigh approximately 50 pounds until they weigh approximately 260 pounds.\u00a0 Plaintiffs Michael and Connie Armstrong moved into the area in 1985 and Larry and Jette Dugan in 1990.<\/p>\n

In 2009, the Armstrongs and Dugans filed suit in Randolph Circuit Court against Folke and Maxwell Farms for nuisance and negligence.\u00a0\u00a0The defendants\u00a0filed a motion for summary judgment seeking to dismiss the\u00a0nuisance claim\u00a0pursuant to the Indiana Right to Farm statute.\u00a0 In response, the plaintiffs claimed that the statute was unconstitutional.\u00a0\u00a0Defendants also sought to dismiss the negligence claim based on a lack of evidence to prove such claim.<\/p>\n

Indiana Right to Farm Statute<\/strong><\/p>\n

Like all other states, Indiana has a right to farm statute that provides a legal defense to agricultural operators against nuisance claims.\u00a0 Indiana’s statute was enacted in 1981 in order to “conserve, protect, and encourage the development and improvement of [Indiana’s] agricultural land for the production of food and other agricultural products” by “limiting the circumstances under which agricultural operations may be deemed to be a nuisance.”\u00a0 \u00a0[Read Indiana Right to Farm statute here<\/a>.]<\/p>\n

The Indiana statute protects a producer if three conditions are met:\u00a0 (1) the agricultural operation was in operation continuously on the property for at least a year prior to suit being filed; (2) no significant change occurred in the type of agricultural operation (the statute provides that changing from crop to hog production or changing ownership or size of the operation does not constitute a significant change); and (3) the agricultural operation would not have been a nuisance when it began on the property.<\/p>\n

Finally, the\u00a0Indiana Right to Farm statute provides a defense against nuisance claims, but contains an exception for cases where the nuisance results from negligent operations.<\/p>\n

The Court’s Opinion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Based upon the rationale below, the Court granted the defendants’ summary judgment motion and dismissed the suit.<\/p>\n

Constitutionality of the Right to Farm Statute<\/em><\/p>\n

The plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality of the Right to Farm statute on numerous grounds including that it constituted a taking of private property, that no plaintiff could recover,\u00a0violated the privileges and immunities clause, violated equal protection, and\u00a0was unconstitutionally vague.\u00a0 Because the plaintiffs put forth a facial challenge–meaning the law can never be constitutional–rather than an as-applied challenge–meaning the law is unconstitutional as applied to the facts in this case, their burden was to prove that there were “no circumstances under which the statute can be constitutionally applied.”\u00a0 Further, challengers must overcome a presumption of constitutionality applied to all statutes.<\/p>\n

The court rejected the plaintiffs’ taking argument, finding that its prior ruling on this issue in Lindsey v. DeGroot<\/em> was dispositive and that no taking occurred.\u00a0\u00a0 Next, the court rejected the argument that no plaintiff could recover under the statute pointing to the nuisance exception that would allow recovery in certain situations.\u00a0With regards to the privileges and immunities claim, the court found that the legislature had a rational basis for deciding to afford protection to the agricultural industry.\u00a0 As to equal protection, the court found that the statute met the rational basis test as there was a legitimate interest in providing a defense to protect agricultural operations.\u00a0 Finally, as to the vagueness argument, the court found the act clear and consistent particularly with regard to the definition of a “significant change.”\u00a0 Therefore, the Indiana Right to Farm Act is constitutional.<\/p>\n

Nuisance Claim<\/em><\/p>\n

The court found that the defendants met each of the elements of the Right to Farm statute.\u00a0 First, Maxwell farms presented evidence that the farmland at issue and surrounding areas had been in agricultural operation since 1900 and that Maxwell Farms first placed hogs on the property in 2007, more than a year before suit was filed in 2009.\u00a0 Second, although defendants incased the size and scope of the current swine operation, as noted above, that does not constitute a “significant change” under Indiana law.\u00a0 Third, the plaintiffs offered no evidence that the farm constituted a nuisance when it began in the early 1900’s, and the fact that no complaints were made for 2 years after Maxwell began providing hogs to the farmer weigh against the plaintiffs’ argument.\u00a0 Thus, the Indiana Right to Farm statute applies and the case cannot go forward.<\/p>\n

Negligence Claim<\/em><\/p>\n

As noted above, if the defendants were operating in a negligent manner, the\u00a0Right to Farm\u00a0Act would\u00a0not apply. \u00a0Here, however,\u00a0the plaintiffs failed to provide any evidence\u00a0the farmer was negligent.\u00a0 They offered no factual support for their claim and no explanation of how the farmer’s actions were unreasonable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Last week, an Indiana trial court upheld the constitutionality of the state’s right to farm statute\u00a0 Amrstrong v. Maxwell Farms of Indiana Inc. [Read opinion here.] Background The farm property at issue has been used continuously as a farm since the early 1900’s.\u00a0Gary Foulke owns the property and the finishing barn sitting upon it.\u00a0 Maxwell Farms began placing hogs in Foulke’s barn in June 2007.\u00a0 Foulke then finished out the hogs, caring for them from the time they weigh approximately 50 pounds until they weigh approximately 260 pounds.\u00a0… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2443,"featured_media":292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-right-to-farm-laws"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJudge Upholds Constitutionality of Indiana's Right to Farm Law - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/07\/20\/judge-upholds-constitutionality-of-indianas-right-to-farm-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Judge Upholds Constitutionality of Indiana's Right to Farm Law - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Last week, an Indiana trial court upheld the constitutionality of the state’s right to farm statute\u00a0 Amrstrong v. Maxwell Farms of Indiana Inc. [Read opinion here.] Background The farm property at issue has been used continuously as a farm since the early 1900’s.\u00a0Gary Foulke owns the property and the finishing barn sitting upon it.\u00a0 Maxwell Farms began placing hogs in Foulke’s barn in June 2007.\u00a0 Foulke then finished out the hogs, caring for them from the time they weigh approximately 50 pounds until they weigh approximately 260 pounds.\u00a0... 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