{"id":145,"date":"2013-11-04T07:00:59","date_gmt":"2013-11-04T13:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=145"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:35:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:35:34","slug":"texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Water:  Groundwater Conservation Districts (Part I)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.**<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Earlier in the Texas Water series, we discussed the <a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/10\/22\/texas-water-basics-of-groundwater-law\/\">general law applicable to Texas groundwater.<\/a>\u00a0 As you might recall, the Texas Legislature has tasked local Groundwater Conservation Districts (&#8220;GCDs&#8221;) with the duty of managing Texas&#8217; groundwater.\u00a0 Thus, rules and regulations of GCDs are exceptions to the general Rule of Capture.\u00a0\u00a0In the next\u00a0two weeks,\u00a0we\u00a0will discuss GCDs in Texas, today focusing on the basics of what GCDs are and how they are created, and next Monday turning to what actions may be taken by a GCD.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>What is a GCD?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>GCDs are regulatory bodies charged with conserving groundwater.\u00a0 These entities are governed by Texas Water Code Chapter 36.\u00a0[Read\u00a0full statute <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us\/Docs\/WA\/htm\/WA.36.htm\">here<\/a>.]\u00a0 The purposes of GCDs are\u00a0&#8220;to provide for the conservation, preservation, protection, recharging, and prevention of waste of groundwater and of groundwater reservoirs or their subdivisions and are to control subsidence.&#8221;\u00a0 <em>See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 36.0015.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>How many GCDs\u00a0are there?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>As of August\u00a02013, there are 99 GCDs in Texas, and there are\u00a04 additional GCDs pending confirmation.\u00a0 GCDs cover all or portions of 173 counties and regulate\u00a085% of the groundwater in Texas.\u00a0 Groundwater districts are generally based upon county lines, rather than based upon the aquifers over which they lie.\u00a0 Each groundwater district is part of a\u00a0Groundwater Management Area\u00a0along with all other districts overlying an aquifer, and each of the 16 GMAs in Texas work together to develop water plans.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"irc_mil\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=i&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;frm=1&amp;source=images&amp;cd=&amp;cad=rja&amp;docid=qR8ywVBvgBBKoM&amp;tbnid=iaPT-oMjzQ8VdM:&amp;ved=0CAUQjRw&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwatrnews.com%2F2012%2F01%2Fwhat-is-a-groundwater-conservation-districts%2F&amp;ei=QhbbUY-5OouA8gSotIEY&amp;bvm=bv.48705608,d.eWU&amp;psig=AFQjCNGvyRkY16tlXy8TnGwQ2DnFwPivDg&amp;ust=1373398967513330\" data-ved=\"0CAUQjRw\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"irc_mi\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/watrnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/groundwater-district.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"847\" height=\"653\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>How are GCDs created?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>A GCD may be created in one of three ways.\u00a0 The first, and most common, is by legislative action.\u00a0 The Texas Legislature may pass a bill that identifies the area\u00a0included in the\u00a0GCD,\u00a0sets forth the powers granted to the district,\u00a0and explains\u00a0procedures for appointing board members of the new district.\u00a0 The second way a GCD may be created is by petition from landowners.\u00a0 Landowners may file a petition with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) requesting the creation of a GCD.\u00a0 The TCEQ must then find that the boundaries of the proposed district provide for effective management and that the proposed district can be adequately funded.\u00a0 The third option is that the TCEQ may initiate the creation of a GCD, but the local voters still elect the director and determine whether the GCD will be funded by taxes.\u00a0 For each of these three methods, a local election is held\u00a0for voters to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether to approve a GCD and whether to approve a tax to fund the GCD.\u00a0 The majority of voters in each county sought to be included in the GCD must approve the creation of a district.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Why do we have GCDs?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In 1917, the Conservation Amendment to the Texas constitution was passed.\u00a0 That amendment requires the state to engage in the preservation and conservation of all resources, including water, and authorizes the Texas Legislature to pass laws that may be necessary and appropriate to conserve water.<\/p>\n<p>The Texas Legislature determined the best way to conserve groundwater in Texas was to create and utilize Groundwater Conservation Districts throughout the state.\u00a0 In 1949, the use of GCDs was recognized, and the first GCD was created in 1951.\u00a0 Since that time, the state has made clear that GCDs are the preferred method of groundwater regulation in Texas.\u00a0 <em>See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 36.0015.\u00a0 GCDs vest groundwater management in local decision makers, which has the benefit of allowing decisions to be made that are in the best interest of the different climates and areas of Texas.\u00a0 This local approach, however, makes it difficult to have a uniform system of groundwater management in place across the state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>How are\u00a0GCDs governed?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">GCDs are governed by\u00a0a board of directors who are appointed or elected.\u00a0 <em>See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 36.051.\u00a0 The Boards hold at least quarterly meetings, which are open to the public and for which notice must be given.\u00a0 <em>See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 36.064.\u00a0 The Board may also employ a General Manager to operate the affairs of the district subject to orders given by the board.\u00a0 <em>See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 36.051.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Can the public obtain information from GCDs?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.twdb.texas.gov\/groundwater\/conservation_districts\/index.asp\">Texas Water Development board website <\/a>contains information about each Groundwater Conservation District, including contact information, legislation, and current rules.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">GCDs are public bodies, and, as such, they are subject to the Texas Open Meetings Act and the Public Information Act.\u00a0 These laws allow persons to obtain information from GCDs in the same manner as obtaining information from\u00a0any other state agency.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** Earlier in the Texas Water series, we discussed the general law applicable to Texas groundwater.\u00a0 As you might recall, the Texas Legislature has tasked local Groundwater Conservation Districts (&#8220;GCDs&#8221;) with the duty of managing Texas&#8217; groundwater.\u00a0 Thus, rules and regulations of GCDs are exceptions to the general Rule of Capture.\u00a0\u00a0In the next\u00a0two weeks,\u00a0we\u00a0will discuss GCDs in Texas, today focusing on the basics of what GCDs are and how they are created, and next Monday turning to&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":796,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Texas Water: Groundwater Conservation Districts (Part I) - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Texas Water: Groundwater Conservation Districts (Part I) - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** Earlier in the Texas Water series, we discussed the general law applicable to Texas groundwater.\u00a0 As you might recall, the Texas Legislature has tasked local Groundwater Conservation Districts (&#8220;GCDs&#8221;) with the duty of managing Texas&#8217; groundwater.\u00a0 Thus, rules and regulations of GCDs are exceptions to the general Rule of Capture.\u00a0\u00a0In the next\u00a0two weeks,\u00a0we\u00a0will discuss GCDs in Texas, today focusing on the basics of what GCDs are and how they are created, and next Monday turning to... 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Texas Agriculture Law","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Texas Water: Groundwater Conservation Districts (Part I) - Texas Agriculture Law","og_description":"**This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.** Earlier in the Texas Water series, we discussed the general law applicable to Texas groundwater.\u00a0 As you might recall, the Texas Legislature has tasked local Groundwater Conservation Districts (&#8220;GCDs&#8221;) with the duty of managing Texas&#8217; groundwater.\u00a0 Thus, rules and regulations of GCDs are exceptions to the general Rule of Capture.\u00a0\u00a0In the next\u00a0two weeks,\u00a0we\u00a0will discuss GCDs in Texas, today focusing on the basics of what GCDs are and how they are created, and next Monday turning to... Read More &rarr;","og_url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/","og_site_name":"Texas Agriculture Law","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw","article_published_time":"2013-11-04T13:00:59+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-17T20:35:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":540,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/199851_883527891032_2189563_n.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"tiffany.dowell","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@tiffdowell","twitter_site":"@tiffdowell","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"tiffany.dowell","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","BlogPosting"],"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/"},"author":{"name":"tiffany.dowell","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#\/schema\/person\/f44cbb97df9edaa18011b5258d733f73"},"headline":"Texas Water: Groundwater Conservation Districts (Part I)","datePublished":"2013-11-04T13:00:59+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-17T20:35:34+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/"},"wordCount":753,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/199851_883527891032_2189563_n.jpg","articleSection":["Water Law"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/","url":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2013\/11\/04\/texas-water-groundwater-conservation-districts-part-i\/","name":"Texas Water: Groundwater Conservation Districts (Part I) - 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