{"id":1373,"date":"2014-05-13T01:00:22","date_gmt":"2014-05-13T06:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=1373"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:32:40","slug":"public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/05\/13\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\/","title":{"rendered":"Public Right of Use for Texas Waterways"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">*This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.*<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Two weeks ago, I<a href=\"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/04\/28\/new-mexico-attorney-general-opinion-concerns-landowners\/\"> wrote about a New Mexico Attorney General opinion <\/a>dealing with the right of the public to fish on streams running across private land in New Mexico.\u00a0 Today, we will look at this issue under Texas law.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-735 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"creek\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek-175x175.jpg 175w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>The Question<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Does someone in Texas have the right to fish (or canoe, kayak, etc.) on a stream or other body of water\u00a0flowing across private property?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>The Law Regarding Ownership of Streambeds<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The answer to this question depends on whether the stream is &#8220;navigable.&#8221;\u00a0 Under Texas law, the streambed and minerals underlying a navigable stream are the property of the State.\u00a0 Conversely, the streambed and minerals underlying a non-navigable stream are the property of the private landowner.\u00a0 It is important to note, however, that all water in a watercourse&#8211;whether navigable or not&#8211;is owned by the State of Texas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Essentially, the ability of the public to use the stream depends upon who owns the bed.\u00a0 If the state owns the streambed (meaning that the stream is navigable), the public has the right to use the bed and banks and the adjacent landowner may not prevent persons from doing so.\u00a0 <em>See<\/em> Texas Water Code Section 11.096.\u00a0 If, on the other hand, the private landowner owns the streambed (meaning that the stream is classified as non-navigable), the public has no right to use the bed and banks and the landowner may erect barriers to prevent the public from doing so.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>What Makes a Stream &#8220;Navigable?&#8221;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Because\u00a0both ownership and the public&#8217;s right\u00a0to use\u00a0the streambed\u00a0depends upon classification, it is important to understand the test for whether a stream is considered to be \u201cnavigable.\u201d\u00a0 In Texas, there are two separate navigability tests and a stream meeting either of the two is considered to be navigable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The first test is to determine if a stream is \u201cnavigable in fact\u201d and looks to determine whether the river or stream\u00a0can serve as a \u201ccommon highway for trade and travel\u201d in its\u00a0natural and ordinary condition.\u00a0\u00a0If the answer is yes, it is navigable in fact and the streambed is owned by the state.\u00a0 Courts interpreting this definition have considered a number of factors, including\u00a0whether commercial or pleasure boats could travel along the waterway and even whether logs could float down the waterway.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Courts will look to determine if a stream is &#8220;navigable in law&#8221;\u00a0under the second test.\u00a0 The \u201cnavigable in law\u201d test is based upon a Texas statute and looks at the size of the waterway.\u00a0 If the streambed\u00a0maintains an average width of 30 feet from the mouth up, it is considered \u201cnavigable in law.\u201d \u00a0<em><span style=\"font-family: Thread-00003094-Id-00000045;\">See<\/span><\/em> Texas Natural Resources Code Section 26.001(c).\u00a0 This distance refers to the entire bed, not the portion where water may be flowing.\u00a0 Although the court is the final decision maker as to whether a stream is navigable in fact or in law, state agencies, including the TCEQ and the General Land Office often make these determinations as part of their rulemaking authority.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Access to the Stream<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Like the New Mexico Attorney General concluded under New Mexico law, Texas law also prohibits the public from entering private property in order to access a public streambed.\u00a0 A person who does so without permission from the private landowner may be guilty of trespass.\u00a0 For example, if a boater is able to launch his boat from the highway and then travel down a stream crossing private property, he has committed no criminal or civil wrong.\u00a0 If, however, the boater drove his pick up across private property to launch his boat, he could be guilty of trespass.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>How Much of the Banks May Be\u00a0 Used?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">On a navigable stream, the public has the right to use the streambed and the banks of the river only up to the point where public ownership ends and private ownership begins.\u00a0 This is known as the gradient boundary line, which is defined as the line located midway between the lower level of the flowing after that just reaches the cut bank and the higher level just to the top of the bank.\u00a0 This definition is complicated and the line will differ for each property.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Additional Information<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Here are a few helpful resources on this topic that provide additional information.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tpwd.state.tx.us\/publications\/nonpwdpubs\/water_issues\/rivers\/navigation\/riddell\/index.phtml\">Texas River Guide by Texas Parks &amp; Wildlife<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/twri.tamu.edu\/newsletters\/texaswaterresources\/twr-v6n6.pdf\">River Rights by Lou Ellen Ruesink<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>*This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.* Two weeks ago, I wrote about a New Mexico Attorney General opinion dealing with the right of the public to fish on streams running across private land in New Mexico.\u00a0 Today, we will look at this issue under Texas law. The Question Does someone in Texas have the right to fish (or canoe, kayak, etc.) on a stream or other body of water\u00a0flowing across private property? The Law Regarding Ownership of Streambeds The answer to this&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/05\/13\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Public Right of Use for Texas Waterways - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/05\/13\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Public Right of Use for Texas Waterways - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"*This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.* Two weeks ago, I wrote about a New Mexico Attorney General opinion dealing with the right of the public to fish on streams running across private land in New Mexico.\u00a0 Today, we will look at this issue under Texas law. The Question Does someone in Texas have the right to fish (or canoe, kayak, etc.) on a stream or other body of water\u00a0flowing across private property? The Law Regarding Ownership of Streambeds The answer to this... Read More &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/05\/13\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/texasaglaw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-05-13T06:00:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-17T20:32:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/10\/creek.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany.dowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@tiffdowell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany.dowell\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/13\\\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/13\\\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany.dowell\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f44cbb97df9edaa18011b5258d733f73\"},\"headline\":\"Public Right of Use for Texas Waterways\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-05-13T06:00:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-17T20:32:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/13\\\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":737,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/13\\\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/10\\\/creek.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Water Law\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/13\\\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/agrilife.org\\\/texasaglaw\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/13\\\/public-right-of-use-for-texas-waterways\\\/\",\"name\":\"Public Right of Use for Texas Waterways - 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