{"id":1284,"date":"2014-05-25T01:27:05","date_gmt":"2014-05-25T06:27:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=1284"},"modified":"2026-04-17T15:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T20:32:40","slug":"texas-fence-law-open-range-or-not-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/05\/25\/texas-fence-law-open-range-or-not-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Fence Law:  Open Range&#8230;.Or Not?  (Part 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">*This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.*<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Today we have Part 2 in this series providing an overview of Texas fence laws.\u00a0 Last Monday, we walked through the laws pertaining to fence law and liability in Texas.\u00a0 Today, we will look at examples of how these laws are applied.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/07\/fence.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-226 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/07\/fence-209x300.jpg\" alt=\"fence\" width=\"209\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/07\/fence-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/files\/2013\/07\/fence.jpg 671w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<strong>How Does This <\/strong><strong>All<\/strong><strong> Work?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s use a hypothetical example to help explain how the law works in the different areas.\u00a0 Assume that a horse was grazing in a pasture next to a roadway owned by the horse owner.\u00a0 At some point during the day, the horse got out of the pasture and made his way onto the road.\u00a0 A motorist was driving down the roadway and hit the horse with her vehicle.\u00a0 The motorist suffered damage to the\u00a0vehicle and personal injuries.\u00a0 Would the horse owner be liable to the motorist?<\/p>\n<p>1.\u00a0 If this accident occurred on a farm-to-market road in an area that did not have a stock law, then the common law &#8220;open range&#8221; rule would apply, and\u00a0the horse\u00a0owner would not be held liable.<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0 If this accident occurred on a farm-to-market road in an area that had enacted a stock law, that stock law would apply.\u00a0 Because each local stock law differs, it would be\u00a0necessary to analyze the exact provisions in that location.\u00a0 If, however, the stock law provided the general language that\u00a0horses may not be permitted to run at large, the landowner would be liable if she permitted&#8211;essentially expressly consented or acted negligently in causing&#8211;the horse to escape.<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0 If this accident occurred on a Federal or State Highway (like I-40 or Highway 6), the horse owner could be liable to the driver if the horse owner &#8220;knowingly permitted&#8221; the horse to run free on the roadway.\u00a0 For example, if the horse owner knew that the fence was damaged and\u00a0that the horse previously escaped\u00a0and did nothing to remedy that damage, she could be liable.\u00a0\u00a0 This analysis would apply whether a local stock law was in place or not.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Examples of Actual Cases<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are several appellate court cases that help to illustrate the fence law principles in Texas.\u00a0 I have selected three to briefly review below.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Case #1:\u00a0 <\/strong><em>Gibbs v. Jackson<\/em>, 990 S.W.2d 745 (Tex. 1999).\u00a0 Ms. Jackson&#8217;s vehicle hit\u00a0a\u00a0 horse named Tiny\u00a0who was\u00a0standing on a Farm-to-Market road in rural Upshur County.\u00a0 Because the accident did not occur on a state or federal highway, and because the portion of Upshur county in which the accident occurred had not passed a stock law, the\u00a0Texas Supreme Court\u00a0found that the horse owner had no duty to the driver.\u00a0 &#8220;There is no provision [in the Agriculture Code], however, that establishes any responsibility to keep horses off Farm-to-Market roads that are not subject to a local stock law.&#8221;\u00a0 The case against the horse owner was dismissed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Case #2:<\/strong>\u00a0<em> Rodriguez v. Sandhill Cattle Co., L.P. <\/em>(Amarillo Court of Appeals March 10, 2014).\u00a0 Mr. Rodriguez sued Sandhill Cattle Co. for damages sustained when he collided with cattle on a roadway after midnight in rural Castro County.\u00a0 The cattle, owned by Sandhill, were pastured several miles away in a pasture surrounded by a hotwire fence.\u00a0 Castro County passed a local stock law pursuant to Texas Agriculture Code Section 143.074, which states that &#8220;a person may not permit [livestock] to run at large in the county or area in which&#8221; a local stock law has been adopted.\u00a0 In this case, the question before the court was whether any evidence was offered to show that Sandhill &#8220;permitted&#8221; the livestock to run at large.\u00a0 The court found there was no such evidence and dismissed the case, finding that Sandhill did not breach its duty because it did not permit livestock to run at large.\u00a0 In reaching this decision, the court listed several examples of the type of evidence that might be sufficient to prove that the landowner did &#8220;permit&#8221; such roaming, including if the owners left the gate open, if the landowners of the property authorized the lessees to allow cattle to run at large, if the livestock owner or landowner had notice that the livestock was out on the roadway, if there was evidence that livestock had previously escaped from the property, or if the fences surrounding the pasture were not fit for ordinary use.\u00a0 Here again, the case against the livestock owner was dismissed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Case #3:\u00a0<\/strong> <em>Levesque v. Wilkens, <\/em>57 S.W.3d 499 (Tex. App. Houston 2001).\u00a0 Here,\u00a0the landowners\u00a0owned property along Interstate 45, which they leased to a livestock owner to pasture cattle.\u00a0 The lease granted exclusive possession to the cattle owner and the landowner did not reserve the right to re-enter or inspect the property.\u00a0 The court found that because the\u00a0Texas highway fence statute\u00a0imposed a duty upon only the person who owned or was responsible for the animals, the landlord was not liable.\u00a0 Importantly, the landlord did not own the animals and did not reserve the right to enter or inspect the property at issue.\u00a0 &#8220;When the lessor has no control over the premises, the lessor has no liability for injuries stemming from leased premises within the control of a tenant.&#8221;\u00a0 The case against the landowner was dismissed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>So What Should a Livestock Owner Do?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The best thing that any livestock owner can do is not to act in a negligent manner.\u00a0 Regardless of whether\u00a0the land is located\u00a0on a federal or state highway or a farm-to-market road and regardless of whether a stock law exists in the area, the best thing to do is act reasonably with regard to the building,\u00a0inspection, and maintenance of\u00a0all fences.\u00a0 Similarly, if\u00a0a landowner or livestock owner\u00a0have certain livestock that frequently get out and make their way onto a highway, it is a good idea to consider moving those animals to another pasture that does not abut a roadway.\u00a0 This advice is especially important for those Texans with livestock on or near federal or state highways or who live in a stock law area.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, all Texas landowners and livestock owners should be aware of whether stock laws exist in their county that may be applicable to their specific operation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>*This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.* Today we have Part 2 in this series providing an overview of Texas fence laws.\u00a0 Last Monday, we walked through the laws pertaining to fence law and liability in Texas.\u00a0 Today, we will look at examples of how these laws are applied. \u00a0How Does This All Work? Let&#8217;s use a hypothetical example to help explain how the law works in the different areas.\u00a0 Assume that a horse was grazing in a pasture next to a roadway&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/05\/25\/texas-fence-law-open-range-or-not-part-2\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2444,"featured_media":226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fence-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Texas Fence Law: Open Range....Or Not? (Part 2) - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2014\/05\/25\/texas-fence-law-open-range-or-not-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Texas Fence Law: Open Range....Or Not? (Part 2) - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"*This article is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.* Today we have Part 2 in this series providing an overview of Texas fence laws.\u00a0 Last Monday, we walked through the laws pertaining to fence law and liability in Texas.\u00a0 Today, we will look at examples of how these laws are applied. \u00a0How Does This All Work? 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