{"id":10781,"date":"2022-01-10T01:00:58","date_gmt":"2022-01-10T07:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/?p=10781"},"modified":"2022-01-03T13:02:47","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T19:02:47","slug":"2021-year-in-review-texas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2022\/01\/10\/2021-year-in-review-texas\/","title":{"rendered":"2021 Year in Review – Texas"},"content":{"rendered":"

2021 was another big year in the agricultural law world here in Texas.\u00a0 From key legal decisions to new laws passed during the legislative session, there was no shortage of information to discuss in this year in review.\u00a0 As you will see, many of the key updates involve actions taken by the Texas Legislature.\u00a0 To read in more detail about the key bills for agriculture this session, click here<\/a> to read a blog post and here<\/a> to listen to a podcast episode with J Pete Laney.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Photo by Lucas Beck<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Texas Farm Animal Liability Act Amendment<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

This is easily the issue on which I have had the most presentation requests and questions this year.\u00a0 The Texas Farm Animal Liability Act is designed to ensure that, subject to certain limitations, farm animal owners are not liable for injuries caused by inherent risks of farm animal activities.\u00a0 For example, if you get on a horse, there is just an inherent risk you could get bucked off.\u00a0 This statute has been in place for decades, but it was amended by the Texas Legislature as of September 1, 2021.\u00a0 The amendments came as a result of a Texas Supreme Court decision last year<\/a> which held that the Act did not apply to ranchers or ranch hands.\u00a0 The Legislature expressly modified the language of the Act to make clear it is to apply to working ranches.\u00a0 From a practical perspective, the most important change is that farm and ranch owners and lessees need to hang up the Farm Animal Liability Act sign at or near their stable, corral or arena.\u00a0 This is a simple, yet important, step for liability protection.\u00a0 To review all the details of the amendments, click here<\/a>.\u00a0 In January, we will be releasing a podcast episode with Trace Blair discussing the three Texas landowner liability statutes.<\/p>\n

Brand Registration Expiration<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Every ten years, all brand registrations in Texas expire.\u00a0 This happened on August 31, 2021.\u00a0 This means that all horse and livestock owners need to register their brands in the County Clerk’s office in each county where the animals are located.\u00a0 Animal owners have until February 28, 2022 to do so.\u00a0 Keep in mind that the use of a brand without registration constitutes a misdemeanor offense\u00a0 punishable by up to a $500 fine.\u00a0 Read more here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Prescribed Burn Liability Statute Amendments<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Another change to come out of the 2021 Texas Legislature was amendments to the limited liability offered for people involved in conducting prescribed burns.\u00a0 There are different liability protections for landowners, lessees, and occupiers, Certified and Insured Prescribed Burn manager, burn bosses, and participants in a burn.\u00a0 To review these in detail, click here<\/a> for a fact sheet I co-authored with prescribed burning expert, Dr. Morgan Treadwell.\u00a0 For landowners, lessees, or occupiers of agricultural or conservation land, the statute provides they are not liable if the burn is conducted by a Certified and Insured Prescribed Burn Manager who maintains the required insurance coverage.\u00a0 Because of this protection, I always recommend that landowners conducting prescribed burns consider using a Certified and Insured Prescribed Burn Manager.<\/p>\n

Eminent Domain Law Changes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Another bill from the Texas Legislature this session had to do with eminent domain reform.\u00a0 House Bill 2730<\/a> made numerous changes to the eminent domain statutes in Texas.\u00a0 In particular, there were additional requirements added to what condemnors must do in order to make the required “bona fide offer,” including providing information to landowners as to whether their offer includes any damages to the remainder.\u00a0 Additionally, for private entities exercising eminent domain power to obtain a pipeline right-of-way easement or an electric transmission line right-of-way easement, there are no certain required minimum terms that must be included in the written easement document such as terms regarding limitations on the number, types, and sizes of lines, location of the easement, restoration and repair obligations, and more.\u00a0 While these required terms are not exhaustive, they are certainly a starting point for a landowner negotiating a pipeline or transmission line easement.\u00a0 As always, I recommend that landowners seek an attorney when negotiating a pipeline or transmission line easement.\u00a0 We have a number of resources available related to eminent domain including podcast episodes<\/a> and publications<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Texas Supreme Court to Hear High Speed Rail Suit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Also related to eminent domain is a case involving a landowner challenging the right of the proposed high speed rail to utilize eminent domain power to condemn property for the railway.\u00a0 Texas Central Railroad and Infrastructure plans to build a high speed rail from Dallas to Houston and has sought easements from landowners along their route in order to do so.\u00a0 Some landowners have refused,\u00a0 and the company has filed condemnation suits seeking to condemn the property.\u00a0 In\u00a0Texas Central Railroad & Infrastructure v. Miles<\/em>, a landowner facing condemnation challenged the company’s ability to use this power.\u00a0 Specifically, the question at issue is whether Texas Central is a “railroad company” or “interurban electric railway” to which eminent domain power is granted by statute.\u00a0 Texas Central argues they are given their plans to build the high speed rail. Miles argues they are not as they own no trains or tracks and are not operating as a railroad as required.\u00a0 The trial court agreed with Miles, but the El Paso Court of Appeals reversed, finding that Texas Central did meet the requirements to use eminent domain authority. Click here<\/a> to read more.\u00a0 Miles appealed to the Texas Supreme Court, which initially denied the petition, but then granted a motion for rehearing.\u00a0 Currently, oral argument on the case is set for January 11.\u00a0 Just last week, the Texas Solicitor General, who was asked to write a brief by the Supreme Court, indicated that the State agrees with Mr. Miles and does not believe Texas Central qualifies to exercise eminent domain power. To read more about that, click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Solar\/Mineral Owner Dispute<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

An interesting case out of the El Paso Court of Appeals addresses an important issue in Texas: The relationship between a solar lessee and mineral owner of property.\u00a0 In this case, the mineral owner filed suit against a surface owner and the solar company who built solar facilities on 215 acres of the 315 acre property at issue.\u00a0 The mineral owner claimed that the solar company trespassed on his mineral estate and breached the lease by denying reasonable access to the mineral estate.\u00a0 The El Paso Court of Appeals dismissed the case, holding that an attempt to develop the minerals was required for a legal remedy to be available.\u00a0 Here, the mineral owner had made no attempt to drill or otherwise produce the mineral estate.\u00a0 This case was appealed to the Texas Supreme Court, but that petition was denied in November.\u00a0 A motion for rehearing on that denial has been filed and remains pending.\u00a0 To read more, click here<\/a>.\u00a0 This exact issue–the relationship between solar and mineral interests–has been a topic of concern for solar developers across Texas.\u00a0 Many developers require a surface owner to either own or control the minerals before entering into a solar contract, or require surface waivers be obtained from the existing mineral owners.\u00a0 As we see more and more solar development across Texas, it will be interesting to see how these issues play out.\u00a0 To learn more about solar leases, click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Other Cases Pending Supreme Court Review<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

There are two other cases potentially pending Texas Supreme Court review that are worth mentioning.<\/p>\n

Hlavinka v. HSC Pipeline Partnership, LLC<\/em> is a case involving a landowner challenging condemnation by a pipeline company.\u00a0 Specifically, the First District Court of Appeals in Houston held that HSC did not conclusively establish its status as a common carrier pipeline as required to qualify to exercise eminent domain authority.\u00a0 Moreover, the court held that the landowner could offer lay testimony regarding other private pipeline sales on the property and about his belief that the highest and best use of the property was for pipeline developments.\u00a0 To read more, click here<\/a>.\u00a0 Currently, this case is pending review before the Texas Supreme Court.\u00a0 The Court did require briefing on the merits, but no oral argument has been set or ruling made at this time.<\/p>\n

Huynh v. Blanchard<\/em> is a case from the Tyler Court of Appeals involving a nuisance lawsuit against a chicken farm.\u00a0 The Tyler Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court’s nuisance verdict and issued a permanent injunction against the farm.\u00a0 Read more here<\/a>.\u00a0 The chicken farm filed a petition for review with the Texas Supreme Court in November and briefing is ongoing at this point.\u00a0 If the Court accepts the petition for review, the question of whether a permanent injunction prohibiting agricultural operations on the farm is the appropriate remedy in this type of lawsuit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2021 was another big year in the agricultural law world here in Texas.\u00a0 From key legal decisions to new laws passed during the legislative session, there was no shortage of information to discuss in this year in review.\u00a0 As you will see, many of the key updates involve actions taken by the Texas Legislature.\u00a0 To read in more detail about the key bills for agriculture this session, click here to read a blog post and here to listen to a podcast episode with J Pete Laney. Texas Farm… Read More →<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":908,"featured_media":10782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,31,64,57,7,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eminent-domain","category-landowner-liability","category-prescribed-burning","category-solar","category-texas-legislature","category-year-in-review"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2021 Year in Review - Texas - Texas Agriculture Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/texasaglaw\/2022\/01\/10\/2021-year-in-review-texas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2021 Year in Review - Texas - Texas Agriculture Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2021 was another big year in the agricultural law world here in Texas.\u00a0 From key legal decisions to new laws passed during the legislative session, there was no shortage of information to discuss in this year in review.\u00a0 As you will see, many of the key updates involve actions taken by the Texas Legislature.\u00a0 To read in more detail about the key bills for agriculture this session, click here to read a blog post and here to listen to a podcast episode with J Pete Laney. 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