{"id":2294,"date":"2025-01-20T14:36:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T14:36:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/agnewsandviews\/?p=2294"},"modified":"2025-01-20T14:37:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T14:37:26","slug":"sandbur-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/agnewsandviews\/2025\/01\/20\/sandbur-management\/","title":{"rendered":"Sandbur Management"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>TAM-AAMM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Texas A&amp;M\u2014AgriLife Agronomic Monday Memo <\/em><\/strong><em>(Jan. 20, 2025)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Zach Howard, Extension Program Specialist II, Soil &amp; Crop Sciences, College Station<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0 (979) 321-5928, <\/em><a href=\"mailto:zachary.howard@ag.tamu.edu\"><em>zachary.howard@ag.tamu.edu<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bearing with Sandburs \u2013 Managing a Painful Pest<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>February is the time for forage and turf managers to begin waging war against this pest.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Many <em>Cenchrus<\/em> spp. go by grassburs, sandburs, stickerburs, or other names. This genus includes annual and perennial <u>grasses<\/u> that produce a pain-inflicting seed head. The burs that house the seed not only have spines but have fishhook-like barbs that grip what they have grabbed (Fig. 1).<\/p>\n<p>There are three native species of sandburs in Texas that make up most infestations.<u> These are also referred to as <strong>grassbur<\/strong> by many<\/u>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>field sandbur \u2013 <em>Cenchrus spinifex<\/em><\/li>\n<li>longspine sandbur \u2013 <em>Cenchrus longispinus<\/em><\/li>\n<li>southern sandbur \u2013 <em>Cenchrus echinatus<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Field sandbur causes most of the problems in grass forages. Surveys across East Texas found all seed samples being this species. This species is particularly problematic as it over-winters or perennializes. These perennials produce foliage earlier, more seeds, and will displace more forage than their annual counterparts.<\/p>\n<p>Forages and turf sites are at risk for sandbur infestations in nearly every county in Texas. The <strong>first line of defense<\/strong> is ensuring no seed is introduced onto the landscape. These seeds will travel many miles on wildlife, vehicle tires, and will stick in equipment like hay rake tines, baling belts, and shredders. One to three seeds in the sandbur pod will germinate once soil temperatures reach ~52\u00b0F and moisture is available. Germination ceases at about 74\u00b0F soil temperature. Many forage and turf managers experience two periods of germination, spring and fall, when soil temperatures are in this range. In my experience, most seeds germinating in a growing season do so in the spring. In 7-13 weeks, a seed head forms (Fig. 2).<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>next line of defense<\/strong> against this pest is healthy forage that is competitive. Whether in well-managed bermudagrass hayfields or lush grazed natives, many forage managers still encounter an ever-growing sandbur population. The first step to wage war against these is knowing their location and if perennials are present.<\/p>\n<p>Perennial identification is easiest in winter when the plant is dormant. Sandbur carcasses can be found, excavated, and the root area observed for green tissue (Fig 3). Pale green tissue indicates the potential perennial. If found, your management tactics will change once the growing season is underway.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Herbicide Options<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upon late winter for your area, forage and turf managers can apply a pre-emergent herbicide with the active ingredient <u>indaziflam<\/u>. <em>Working from South to North Texas, the beginning to the end of February is an ideal month for application.<\/em> Though other products exist and can be effective, research across Texas points to this active ingredient performing the best for forage and turf settings.<\/p>\n<p><u>Soon<\/u> (February) for Best Initial Control in Forages<\/p>\n<p>In a perennial warm-season grass forage where no seeded annuals are present, the preferred program is 3 oz.\/acre of Rezilon applied in 15 gallons per acre of water minimum. After the first hay cutting or major grazing event where the forage canopy is low and open, another application at the same rate should be made. This will ensure enough residual to last through the fall germination period.<\/p>\n<p>Ongoing Control in Forages<\/p>\n<p>If seedlings are found (\u22642\u201d) after baling the first hay cutting or major grazing event, Pastora herbicide at 1.25 oz. per acre included with the Rezilon application will be required for post-emerge (existing weeds) control. If perennials have been identified, Pastora will only be expected to provide suppression to these and any plants larger than 2 inches. Glyphosate at 0.4 lbs. acid equivalency per acre will eliminate larger plants and perennials. This acid-equivalent rate translates to 17 oz. per acre of a 3 lbs. acid equivalency per gallon (lb ae\/gal), 12.8 oz per acre of a 4 lb. ae\/gal, and 11.4 oz per acre of a 4.5 lb. ae\/gal product.\u00a0 (If you need help determining which \u2018ae\u2019 your product is, contact your Extension agronomy specialist.) For any post-emerge application, medium droplet size should be produced. Forage injury may occur with glyphosate, but damage is likely to be transient if the application is made within 7-10 days of cutting.<\/p>\n<p><u>Soon<\/u> (February) for Best Initial Control in Turf<\/p>\n<p>In a perennial warm-season turf setting where no seeded annuals are present, Specticle Flo at 6 oz. per acre (4 milliliters per 1,000 square feet) should be applied in a minimum of 20 gallons per acre of water (0.5 gallon per 1,000 square feet). A repeat application should be made 45-90 days later. Dry formulation, Specticle G, is available and can be used at 125 lbs. per acre (2.9 lbs per 1000 square feet) at each application.<\/p>\n<p>On-going control in Turf<\/p>\n<p>If seedlings, mature plants and\/or perennials are found in turf settings, applications of Celsius WG can be effective at 3.7 oz. per acre (2.5 grams per 1,000 square feet). A repeat application 4-6 weeks later may be necessary for larger plants. This application can be made with the second Specticle Flo application.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Additional Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>All underlined titles are live links.\u00a0 Hit \u2018Control\u2019 then click to access.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>More information for forage managers is in AgriLife Extension\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.scsc.tamu.edu\/weeds\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/01\/SCSC-PU-258-Grassbur-Sandbur-Identification-and-Management.pdf\">Grassbur\/Sandbur Identification and Management in Pastures and Hayfields<\/a> publication. Information for turf managers is in the <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.scsc.tamu.edu\/weeds\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2025\/01\/GrassburSandbur-Management-in-Turf-2024-Final.pdf\">Grassbur\/Sandbur Management in Turf publication<\/a>. For additional weed management information and contacts for weed related issues across Texas, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.scsc.tamu.edu\/weeds\/\">our website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Forage Herbicide Labels<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdms.net\/ldat\/ldJ4Q000.pdf\">Rezilon Herbicide Label<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdms.net\/ldat\/ld9GU000.pdf\">Pastora Herbicide Label<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Turf Herbicide Labels<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdms.net\/ldat\/ldJA3000.pdf\">Specticle Flo Herbicide Label<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdms.net\/ldat\/ldJCE000.pdf\">Specticle G Herbicide Label<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdms.net\/ldat\/ldJ9A000.pdf\">Celsius Herbicide Label<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>All above links go to labels for each product at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdms.net\/\">CDMS Home<\/a>. This website has labels for all pesticides.\u00a0 To learn more about this highly valuable website, review (or request) TAM\u2014AAMM, Ready Online Access to All Chemical Labels\u2014<u>www.CDMS.net<\/u>, July 17, 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Calvin Trostle, Ph.D.<br \/>\nProfessor &amp; Extension Agronomist<\/p>\n<p>Texas A&amp;M AgriLife State Hemp &amp; Sunflower Specialist<br \/>\nDept. of Soil &amp; Crop Sciences<br \/>\nTexas A&amp;M AgriLife Extension Service<\/p>\n<p>Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research &amp; Extension Center<br \/>\n1102 East Drew Street (FM 1294) \/ Lubbock, TX\u00a0 79403-6603<br \/>\nPhone: 806-723-8432 \/ Cell: 806-777-0247 \/ Fax: 806-723-8499<br \/>\n<u><a href=\"mailto:ctrostle@ag.tamu.edu\">ctrostle@ag.tamu.edu<\/a><\/u><br \/>\nLubbock A&amp;M AgriLife Center, <a href=\"https:\/\/lubbock.tamu.edu\/\">https:\/\/lubbock.tamu.edu<\/a> (most of my reports &amp; presentations are here)<\/p>\n<p>Crop Testing Program (Varieties &amp; Hybrid Trials for Texas), <a href=\"https:\/\/varietytesting.tamu.edu\/\">https:\/\/varietytesting.tamu.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Texas A&amp;M Univ. Dept. of Soil &amp; Crop Sciences, <a href=\"https:\/\/soilcrop.tamu.edu\/\">https:\/\/soilcrop.tamu.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TAM-AAMM Texas A&amp;M\u2014AgriLife Agronomic Monday Memo (Jan. 20, 2025) Zach Howard, Extension Program Specialist II, Soil &amp; Crop Sciences, College Station \u00a0\u00a0 (979) 321-5928, zachary.howard@ag.tamu.edu Bearing with Sandburs \u2013 Managing&#8230; <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/agnewsandviews\/2025\/01\/20\/sandbur-management\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":609,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-uncategorized","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sandbur Management - Ag News and Views<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrilife.org\/agnewsandviews\/2025\/01\/20\/sandbur-management\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sandbur Management - Ag News and Views\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TAM-AAMM Texas A&amp;M\u2014AgriLife Agronomic Monday Memo (Jan. 20, 2025) Zach Howard, Extension Program Specialist II, Soil &amp; Crop Sciences, College Station \u00a0\u00a0 (979) 321-5928, zachary.howard@ag.tamu.edu Bearing with Sandburs \u2013 Managing... 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