2004 Tom Green County Cotton Harvest Aid Demonstration
Result Demonstration/Applied Research Report
2004 Tom Green County
Cotton Harvest Aid Demonstration
Cooperators: Rodney and James Ripple
Rick Minzenmayer, Extension Agent – IPM; and
Steve Sturtz, Tom Green County Extension Agent
Dr. Billy Warrick, Extension Agronomist (San Angelo, Texas).
Summary
Eighteen treatments were applied over the top of cotton on September 20 to prepare for harvest. The plot was established on Rodney Ripple’s Farm located 3 mile east of Wall, Texas. The chemicals were applied to Deltapine 449 BG/RR cotton that had 60 to 65 percent of its bolls open. Leaf shed was less than one percent when the plot was established. When these plots were evaluated on September 30, 2004 (10 days after the treatments were applied), most of the treatments resulted in an increase in leaf defoliation and leaf desiccation.
Objective
In the Concho Valley Area of Texas, cotton is usually planted starting in mid-May. Because of this planting date, many producers do not use harvest aids to terminate the cotton. When growing conditions are favorable, most of the cotton in this area is ready for harvest thirty days before the first killing freeze. The delay in harvest reduces the income of farmers due to the loss of lint yield and fiber quality. Even though the cost of several of the harvest aid treatments are expensive, there is usually a product that is economically justified that can be used effectively for crop termination. The intent of this field test is to: 1) determine the effectiveness of harvest aids at defoliating, desiccating, and opening bolls on cotton 2) provide producers the opportunity of observing how effectively the harvest aid materials work, and 3) determine the economic feasibility of using the harvest aid material.
Materials and Methods
| Cooperating County Producer: | Rodney and James Ripple |
| Location: | 3 miles east of Wall, Texas |
| Crop Production Information: Variety Planted: Planting Pattern: Irrigation: Number of Irrigations: |
Deltapine 449 BG/RR Planted solid on 40 inch rows Dryland Production None |
| Harvest Aid Application Information: Date Applied: Wind Speed: Wind Direction: Air Temperature: Relative Humidity: Carrier: Pressure: Nozzle Size: Boom Height: |
September 20, 2004 8.0 to 10.0 miles per hour South 77 to 870 Fahrenheit 33 to 65% 16.0 gallons of water per acre 32 pounds per square inch 11002 extended range flat fan over the top of each row and one 8002 Extended Range nozzle on each side of the row. 36 inches 26 inches 4.0 miles per hour Self propelled rig with 13.33 foot boom 13.33 feet X 50 feet randomized strip design replicated three times |
Plant Information
At the time of application, the upper most cotton bolls were cross-sectioned and the seed coats were dark and the cotyledons well developed. Cotton height ranged from 26 to 28 inches. Plants showed no sign of stress and leaf defoliation was less than one percent.
Results and Discussion
The cotton at the time of application was 60 to 65 percent open with most of the remaining bolls being mature. The application of the harvest aids did impact boll opening, percent defoliation and percent desiccation. Several factors contributed to the success of the harvest aids applied, these include: 1) The cotton was mature; 2) Chemical coverage was excellent due to gallonage, pressure used, and wind; 3) Air temperatures for the 10 days after application were warm enough to allow for good cotton plant response. Leaf defoliation was higher than the check in all treatments and the increase ranged from 35 to 70 percent on September 30, 2004 (10 days after the treatments were applied). Leaf desiccation was high in several plots where the Gramoxone Max rates were above 10 ounces. However, none of the desiccation was high enough to be a concern. The data collected on September 30 is reported in Table 1.
When these plots were evaluated on September 30, 2004 (10 days after the treatments were applied), most of the treatments applied had a significant difference in boll opening, leaf defoliation and leaf desiccation. No regrowth was documented in any of the treatments
Prior to making any application, the cotton plant was examined closely to determine if regrowth was occurring. Since most harvest aids are contact materials, nozzle type, nozzle configuration, volume of water applied and pressure are important considerations. One of the better nozzle arrangements was used in this plot. It consisted of one nozzle over the top of the row and drops in the furrows with one nozzle spraying each side of the plant. The volume of water and application pressure should be high enough to get good coverage on the top and bottom portion of the leaf and penetrate the canopy enough to properly cover the axilary and terminal buds, as well as the bolls.
No regrowth was noted in the plot. However, some of the materials applied are known to be better at desiccating or removing juvenile growth. These include Ginstar, ET and Aim.
Increased boll opening was noted in the plots where ethephon was applied, either as Prep or in CottonQuik. Also, boll opening was increased in plots where six ounces or more of Gramoxone Max was applied.
Gramoxone Max is a harvest aid used by most dryland producers to terminate their crop. The effect of rate and type of tank additive were the focus of most of the treatments in the test. How these combinations compared to other harvest aids were also studied in this test. To get a moderate level of leaf defoliation, a minimum of six ounces of material had to be applied. The 16 ounce rate of Gramoxone Max preformed well, whether it was combined with a surfactant (Induce, Activator 90, or Slingshot), a buffering surfactant (L.I.-700) or the crop oil concentrate (Herbimax).
Please note that a crop oil concentrate was used in tank mixes that contained ET or Aim. For maximum performance with these products that is an important part of the tank mix.
Economic Analysis
This test can be used to document the results obtained from the use of harvest aids. If the same treatments are consistently at the top of the list for several years, then producers may want to incorporate those treatments into their cotton production program. Most of the treatments were in the 6 to 10 dollar per acre range and the use of several of these treatments should result in increased profits for producers. It is important to remember that a higher lint yield is not the only way of increasing profit from the use of a harvest aid. Other factors include: timely harvest, improved fiber quality, improved harvesting efficiency, and higher percent lint turnout at the gin.
Table 1. Tom Green County Cotton Harvest Aid Test, Rodney and James Ripple, 2004
September 30, 2004 (10 days after treatments were applied)
Note: Treatment names that are underlined in the table below are linked to a picture of that treatment.
| Harvest Aid Chemicals Applied (4 rows of each) |
Rate Applied Per Acre |
Cost of Harvest Aid Per Acre | % Open Bolls |
% Defoliation |
% Desiccation |
| ET + Gramoxone Max + Herbimax (C.O.C.) |
1 oz. + 8 oz. + 32 oz. |
$2.50 + $2.16 + $2.31 |
90.00 abc | 81.67 ab | 9.33 cde |
| CottonQuik + Aim + Herbimax C.O.C.) |
48 oz. + 1 oz. + 32 oz. |
$10.50 + $5.62 + $2.31 |
95.00 a | 81.67 ab | 10.00 bcde |
| Aim + Prep + Herbimax (C.O.C.) |
1 oz. + 16 oz. + 32 oz. |
$5.62 + $5.00 + $2.31 |
88.33 abc | 83.33 a | 3.33 efg |
| ET + Gramoxone Max + Herbimax (C.O.C.) |
1 oz. + 16 oz. + 32 oz. |
$2.50 + $4.32 + $2.31 |
90.00 abc | 81.67 ab | 6.67 defg |
| Ginstar + Prep |
6 oz. + 16 oz. |
$8.88 + $5.00 |
90.00 abc | 81.67 ab | 2.67 efg |
| Ginstar + Prep |
4 oz. + 16 oz. |
$5.92 + $5.00 |
88.33 abc | 81.67 ab | 3.00 efg |
| Gramoxone Max + L.I. 700 |
16 oz. + 5.2 oz. |
$4.32 + $1.04 |
88.33 abc | 81.67 ab | 10.00 bcde |
| Def + Prep + Herbimax (C.O.C.) |
16 oz. + 16 oz. + 32 oz. |
$6.00 + $5.00 + $2.31 |
96.00 a | 80.00 ab | 1.67 fg |
| ET + Prep+ Herbimax (C.O.C.) |
1.5 oz. + 16 oz. + 32 oz. |
$3.75 + $5.00 + $2.31 |
85.00 abc | 76.67 ab | 3.67 efg |
| ET + Gramoxone Max + Herbimax (C.O.C.) |
1 oz. + 4 oz. + 32 oz. |
$2.50 + $1.08 + $2.31 |
85.00 abc | 76.67 ab | 8.33 cdef |
| Gramoxone Max + Activator 90 |
16 oz. + 5.2 oz. |
$4.32 + $0.90 |
86.67 abc | 76.67 ab | 16.67 ab |
| Gramoxone Max + Slingshot |
16 oz. + 16 oz. |
$4.32 + $1.25 |
93.33 ab | 75.00 ab | 18.33 a |
| Gramoxone Max + Induce |
16 oz. + 5.2 oz. |
$4.32 + $0.82 |
90.00 abc | 75.00 ab | 14.33 abc |
| Gramoxone Max + Activator 90 |
8 oz. + 5.2 oz. |
$2.16 + $0.90 |
85.00 abc | 73.33 ab | 11.33 bcd |
| Gramoxone Max + Activator 90 |
6 oz. + 5.2 oz. |
$1.62 + $0.90 |
86.67 abc | 73.33 ab | 3.67 efg |
| Ginstar | 4 oz. | $5.92 | 80.00 bc | 73.33 ab | 2.67 efg |
| Ginstar | 6 oz. | $8.88 | 80.00 bc | 71.67 b | 4.00 efg |
| Gramoxone Max + Activator 90 |
4 oz. + 5.2 oz. |
$1.08 + $0.90 |
85.00 abc | 48.33 c | 3.67 efg |
| Check | — | $0.00 | 76.67 c | 13.33 d | 0.00 g |
NOTE: In Table 1 the individual or combination of letter a, b, c, d, e, f, or g shown beside the number are to indicate statistical significance. There is no statistical difference between numbers that have the same letter (even when there appears to be a large difference in results between the materials applied).
Acknowledgments
I want to take this opportunity to thank Rodney and James Ripple for their help in plot establishment and management. I would also like to thank the companies that provided the chemicals for this harvest aid test. These include:
- Bayer Corporation provided the Def, Ginstar, and Prep
- DuPont who provided the CottonQuik
- FMC Corporation who provided the Aim
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. who provided the Gramoxone Max
- Nichino America who provided the ET
- Tri-State Chemical DBA United Agra Products (UAP) who provided the L.I. 700, Activator 90, Slingshot, and C.O.C. (Herbimax)
- Helena Chemical Company who provided the Induce
Trade names of commercial products used in this report are included only for better understanding and clarity. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Texas A&M University System is implied. Readers should realize that results from one experiment do not represent conclusive evidence that the same response would occur where conditions vary.